Boletus calopus Pers.
(Bitter Beech Bolete)

Interactions where Boletus calopus is the controlling partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
fruitbody		fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root			Betula	birches	Fagales: Betulaceae	Boletes and their allies, Watling, R., Hills, A.E, & Turnbull, E., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Boletaceae/Boletus calopus/	Boletus calopus	bitter beech bolete				fruitbody	Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula/	Betula	birches		live	root
fruitbody		fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root			Castanea sativa	Sweet Chestnut	Fagales: Fagaceae	Boletes and their allies, Watling, R., Hills, A.E, & Turnbull, E., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Boletaceae/Boletus calopus/	Boletus calopus	bitter beech bolete				fruitbody	Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Castanea sativa/	Castanea sativa	sweet chestnut		live	root
fruitbody		fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root			Fagus	beeches	Fagales: Fagaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Boletaceae/Boletus calopus/	Boletus calopus	bitter beech bolete				fruitbody	Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza	Relationship uncertain	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Fagus/	Fagus	beeches		live	root		Major
fruitbody		fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root			Fagus sylvatica	Beech	Fagales: Fagaceae	Boletes and their allies, Watling, R., Hills, A.E, & Turnbull, E., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Boletaceae/Boletus calopus/	Boletus calopus	bitter beech bolete				fruitbody	Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Fagus sylvatica/	Fagus sylvatica	beech		live	root
fruitbody		fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root			Quercus	oaks	Fagales: Fagaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Boletes and their allies, Watling, R., Hills, A.E, & Turnbull, E., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Boletaceae/Boletus calopus/	Boletus calopus	bitter beech bolete				fruitbody	Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Quercus/	Quercus	oaks		live	root
fruitbody		fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root			Salix	willows	Malpighiales: Salicaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Boletaceae/Boletus calopus/	Boletus calopus	bitter beech bolete				fruitbody	Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza	Relationship uncertain	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Salicaceae/Salix/	Salix	willows		live	root
fruitbody		fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root			Salix repens	Creeping Willow	Malpighiales: Salicaceae	Boletes and their allies, Watling, R., Hills, A.E, & Turnbull, E., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Boletaceae/Boletus calopus/	Boletus calopus	bitter beech bolete				fruitbody	Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Malpighiales/Salicaceae/Salix repens/	Salix repens	creeping willow		live	root
fruitbody		fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root			PINOPSIDA	conifers		Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Boletes and their allies, Watling, R., Hills, A.E, & Turnbull, E., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Boletaceae/Boletus calopus/	Boletus calopus	bitter beech bolete				fruitbody	Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/	Pinopsida	conifers		live	root		Rare
fruitbody		fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root			Picea abies	Norway Spruce, Christmas Tree	Pinales: Pinaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Boletaceae/Boletus calopus/	Boletus calopus	bitter beech bolete				fruitbody	Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhiza	Relationship uncertain	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Picea abies/	Picea abies	Norway spruce, Christmas tree		live	root		Rare

Boletus calopus (Bitter Beech Bolete) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Ectomycorrhizal fungi
(fungi that form ectomycorrhizae)

Boletus calopus (Bitter Beech Bolete) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Boletus
(a genus of boletes)

BOLETACEAE
(sponge cap toadstools)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Macromycetes
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Ectomycorrhizal fungi
(fungi that form ectomycorrhizae)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Author & Year	Title	Source
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Watling, R., Hills, A.E, & Turnbull, E., 2005	Boletes and their allies	British Fungus Flora, Vol 1, Revised and enlarged edition edition, 173pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Boletus calopus (Bitter Beech Bolete)
Genus	Boletus (a genus of boletes)
Family	BOLETACEAE (sponge cap toadstools)
Order	BOLETALES (spongecap toadstools and their relatives)
Subclass	AGARICOMYCETIDAE (a subclass of basidiomycetes)
Class	AGARICOMYCETES (a class of fungi)
Subphylum	AGARICOMYCOTINA
Phylum	BASIDIOMYCOTA (spore droppers)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Boletus calopus is also a member of:
Macromycetes - larger fungi, macrofungi (via Boletaceae)
Ectomycorrhizal fungi - fungi that form ectomycorrhizae (via Boletaceae)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Boletus calopus (Bitter Beech Bolete)

Identification Works

	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Wright, M.	2000	Boletus calopius	Vol 1 (1) Page: 35

Boletus calopus (Bitter Beech Bolete) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Boletus
(a genus of boletes)

BOLETACEAE
(sponge cap toadstools)

BOLETALES
(spongecap toadstools and their relatives)

AGARICOMYCETIDAE
(a subclass of basidiomycetes)

AGARICOMYCETES
(a class of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Macromycetes
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Ectomycorrhizal fungi
(fungi that form ectomycorrhizae)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Boletus calopus (Bitter Beech Bolete):

Boletus
(a genus of boletes)

BOLETACEAE
(sponge cap toadstools)

BOLETALES
(spongecap toadstools and their relatives)

AGARICOMYCETIDAE
(a subclass of basidiomycetes)

AGARICOMYCETES
(a class of fungi)

BASIDIOMYCOTA
(spore droppers)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Macromycetes
(larger fungi, macrofungi)

Ectomycorrhizal fungi
(fungi that form ectomycorrhizae)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

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