Ixodes ricinus (Linnaeus, 1758)
(Sheep Tick, Pasture Tick, Castor Bean Tick, Deer Tick)

Interactions where Ixodes ricinus is the controlling partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'References').

Stage Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season
larva larva sucks the blood of AVES birds Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticklarva Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirds
nymph nymph sucks the blood of AVES birds Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticknymph Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Avesbirds
sucks the blood of UK/IrelandMajor Phasianus colchicus Pheasant, Common Pheasant Galliformes: Phasianidae /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer tick Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood suckerUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Galliformes/Phasianidae/Phasianus colchicus/Phasianus colchicuspheasant, common pheasantMajor
larva larva sucks the blood of Corvus corone ssp corone Carrion Crow Passeriformes: Corvidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticklarva Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Passeriformes/Corvidae/Corvus corone subsp. corone/Corvus corone subsp. coronecarrion crow
nymph nymph sucks the blood of Corvus corone ssp corone Carrion Crow Passeriformes: Corvidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticknymph Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Passeriformes/Corvidae/Corvus corone subsp. corone/Corvus corone subsp. coronecarrion crow
larva larva sucks the blood of Erithacus rubecula Robin, European Robin Passeriformes: Muscicapidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticklarva Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Passeriformes/Muscicapidae/Erithacus rubecula/Erithacus rubecularobin, European robin
nymph nymph sucks the blood of Erithacus rubecula Robin, European Robin Passeriformes: Muscicapidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticknymph Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Passeriformes/Muscicapidae/Erithacus rubecula/Erithacus rubecularobin, European robin
larva larva sucks the blood of Turdus thrushes Passeriformes: Muscicapidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticklarva Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Passeriformes/Muscicapidae/Turdus/Turdusthrushes
nymph nymph sucks the blood of Turdus thrushes Passeriformes: Muscicapidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticknymph Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Passeriformes/Muscicapidae/Turdus/Turdusthrushes
larva larva sucks the blood of Turdus merula Blackbird, Common Blackbird Passeriformes: Muscicapidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticklarva Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Passeriformes/Muscicapidae/Turdus merula/Turdus merulablackbird, common blackbird
nymph nymph sucks the blood of Turdus merula Blackbird, Common Blackbird Passeriformes: Muscicapidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticknymph Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Passeriformes/Muscicapidae/Turdus merula/Turdus merulablackbird, common blackbird
larva larva sucks the blood of Sturnus vulgaris Starling, Common Starling Passeriformes: Sturnidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticklarva Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Passeriformes/Sturnidae/Sturnus vulgaris/Sturnus vulgarisstarling, common starling
nymph nymph sucks the blood of Sturnus vulgaris Starling, Common Starling Passeriformes: Sturnidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticknymph Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Passeriformes/Sturnidae/Sturnus vulgaris/Sturnus vulgarisstarling, common starling
sucks the blood of Bos taurus Cattle, Domestic Cattle Artiodactyla: Bovidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
Ticks of North-West Europe, Hillyard, P.D., 1996
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer tick Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Artiodactyla/Bovidae/Bos taurus/Bos tauruscattle, domestic cattle
sucks the blood of Ovis aries Sheep (Domestic and Feral), Feral Sheep Artiodactyla: Bovidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
Ticks of North-West Europe, Hillyard, P.D., 1996
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer tick Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Artiodactyla/Bovidae/Ovis aries/Ovis ariessheep (domestic and feral), feral sheep
sucks the blood of CERVIDAE deer, buck Artiodactyla Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer tick Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Artiodactyla/Cervidae/Cervidaedeer, buck
sucks the blood of UK/Ireland Dama dama Fallow Deer Artiodactyla: Cervidae Fallow Deer, Chapman, N., 1984
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer tick Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood suckerUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Artiodactyla/Cervidae/Dama dama/Dama damafallow deer
sucks the blood of SUIDAE pigs Artiodactyla Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer tick Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Artiodactyla/Suidae/Suidaepigs
sucks the blood of skin (esp. face, ears) Canis lupus ssp familiaris Dog, Domestic Dog Carnivora: Canidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
Ticks of North-West Europe, Hillyard, P.D., 1996
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer tick Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Canidae/Canis lupus subsp. familiaris/Canis lupus subsp. familiarisdog, domestic dogskin (esp. face, ears)
larva larva sucks the blood of between pads Canis lupus ssp familiaris Dog, Domestic Dog Carnivora: Canidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticklarva Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Canidae/Canis lupus subsp. familiaris/Canis lupus subsp. familiarisdog, domestic dogbetween pads
nymph nymph sucks the blood of between pads Canis lupus ssp familiaris Dog, Domestic Dog Carnivora: Canidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticknymph Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Canidae/Canis lupus subsp. familiaris/Canis lupus subsp. familiarisdog, domestic dogbetween pads
sucks the blood of Felis cats Carnivora: Felidae Ticks of North-West Europe, Hillyard, P.D., 1996
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer tick Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Felidae/Felis/Feliscats
sucks the blood of Foreign Lutra lutra Otter, European Otter Carnivora: Mustelidae

Tick infestation (Ixodes) on the Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra) – a longterm

study

, Christian, A., 2012
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer tick Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood suckerForeign /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Mustelidae/Lutra lutra/Lutra lutraotter, european otter
sucks the blood of Foreign Neovison vison American Mink Carnivora: Mustelidae Mink, Birks, J., 1986
Tick infestation (Ixodes) on feral Mink (Neovison vison) in central Germany, Christian, A., 2010
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer tick Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood suckerForeign /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Carnivora/Mustelidae/Neovison vison/Neovison visonAmerican mink
sucks the blood of Erinaceus europaeus Hedgehog, West European Hedgehog Insectivora: Erinaceidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer tick Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Insectivora/Erinaceidae/Erinaceus europaeus/Erinaceus europaeushedgehog, west european hedgehog
sucks the blood of Oryctolagus cuniculus Rabbit, European Rabbit Lagomorpha: Leporidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer tick Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Lagomorpha/Leporidae/Oryctolagus cuniculus/Oryctolagus cuniculusrabbit, european rabbit
sucks the blood of UK/Ireland Homo sapiens Man Primates: Hominidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
Ticks of North-West Europe, Hillyard, P.D., 1996
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer tick Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood suckerUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Primates/Hominidae/Homo sapiens/Homo sapiensman
larva larva sucks the blood of RODENTIA rodents Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticklarva Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Rodentia/Rodentiarodents
nymph nymph sucks the blood of RODENTIA rodents Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticknymph Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Rodentia/Rodentiarodents
larva larva sucks the blood of skin UK/Ireland Apodemus sylvaticus Wood Mouse, Long-tailed Field-mouse Rodentia: Muridae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
Woodmice and Yellow-necked Mice, Flowerdew, J., 1984
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticklarva Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood suckerUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Rodentia/Muridae/Apodemus sylvaticus/Apodemus sylvaticuswood mouse, long-tailed field-mouseskin
nymph nymph sucks the blood of skin UK/Ireland Apodemus sylvaticus Wood Mouse, Long-tailed Field-mouse Rodentia: Muridae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
Woodmice and Yellow-necked Mice, Flowerdew, J., 1984
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticknymph Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood suckerUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Rodentia/Muridae/Apodemus sylvaticus/Apodemus sylvaticuswood mouse, long-tailed field-mouseskin
larva larva sucks the blood of [Voles] voles Rodentia: Muridae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticklarva Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Rodentia/Muridae/Voles/Volesvoles
nymph nymph sucks the blood of [Voles] voles Rodentia: Muridae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticknymph Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Mammalia/Rodentia/Muridae/Voles/Volesvoles
larva larva sucks the blood of LACERTIDAE lizards Squamata Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticklarva Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Reptilia/Squamata/Lacertidae/Lacertidaelizards
nymph nymph sucks the blood of LACERTIDAE lizards Squamata Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer ticknymph Animal / parasite / ectoparasite / blood sucker /Animalia/Chordata/Reptilia/Squamata/Lacertidae/Lacertidaelizards

Interactions where Ixodes ricinus is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
spreads UK/IrelandMajor Borrelia Lyme diseases /Borrelia/BorreliaLyme diseases Animal / vectorUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer tickMajor is spread by
spreads Louping Ill virus a disease of sheep Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Louping Ill virus/Louping Ill virusa disease of sheep Animal / vector /Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Ixodida/Ixodidae/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinus/Ixodes (Ixodes) ricinussheep tick, pasture tick, castor bean tick, deer tick is spread by

Ixodes ricinus (Sheep Tick, Pasture Tick, Castor Bean Tick, Deer Tick) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Author & YearTitleSource
Avery, R.A., 1974Identification of Animal ParasitesHulton Group Keys, 182pp, Hulton Educational Publications Ltd.
Birks, J., 1986Mink24pp, The Mammal Society
Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on ParasitesField Studies 3: 681-718.
Chapman, N., 1984Fallow Deer24pp, The Mammal Society
Christian, A., 2010Tick infestation (Ixodes) on feral Mink (Neovison vison) in central GermanySoil Organisms Vol 82 (2): 209-216.
Christian, A., 2012

Tick infestation (Ixodes) on the Eurasian Otter (Lutra lutra) – a longterm

study

Soil Organisms Vol 84 (2): 481-487.
Flowerdew, J., 1984Woodmice and Yellow-necked Mice24pp, The Mammal Society
Hillyard, P.D., 1996Ticks of North-West EuropeSynopses of the British Fauna (New Series), 52, 178pp, Field Studies Council
Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesIxodes ricinus (Sheep Tick, Pasture Tick, Castor Bean Tick, Deer Tick)
GenusIxodes (hard ticks)
FamilyIXODIDAE (hard ticks)
OrderIXODIDA (ticks)
SuperorderPARASITIFORMES (parasitiform mites)
InfraclassAcari (mites)
ClassARACHNIDA (mites, spiders, false scorpions, harvestmen etc.)
SubphylumCHELICERATA (a subphylum of arthropods)
PhylumARTHROPODA (arthropods)
SuperphylumECDYSOZOA (skin shedders)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Ixodes ricinus (Sheep Tick, Pasture Tick, Castor Bean Tick, Deer Tick)

Identification Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Christian, A. 2010 Tick infestation (Ixodes) on feral Mink (Neovison vison) in central Germany Soil Organisms Vol 82 (2): 209-216.

Ixodes ricinus (Sheep Tick, Pasture Tick, Castor Bean Tick, Deer Tick) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Literature

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Ixodes ricinus (Sheep Tick, Pasture Tick, Castor Bean Tick, Deer Tick):

By far the commonest tick that will be casually encountered in Britain and NW Europe feeding on many kinds of wild and domestic animals. It will also attach to humans where it is notorious as the vector of the spirochaete Borrelia burgdorfei, the cause of Lyme’s Disease. It has also been reported as carrying a long list of animal diseases, including those caused by viruses, rickettsiae, bacteria and protozoa.

References:
Author & YearTitleSource
Hillyard, P.D., 1996Ticks of North-West EuropeSynopses of the British Fauna (New Series), 52, 178pp, Field Studies Council
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