LEPIDOPTERA (butterflies and moths)

Breeding UK Leps discussion group: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/breeding_UK-Leps/join	Breeding UK Leps discussion group
Moths Ireland: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/MothsIreland/join	Moths Ireland
UK Leps discussion group: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/uk-leps/join	UK Leps discussion group
UK Moths discussion group: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/ukmoths/join	UK Moths discussion group
Friedrich, E. (translated by S. Whitbread), 1986 (The classic work on rearing Butterflies and Moths)	Breeding Butterflies and Moths - a handbook for British and European species.
Caterpillar: external structures: http://www.ukleps.org/Webpics/Wp4.jpg (Labelled photograph of caterpillar)	Caterpillar: external structures
Sokoloff, P., 1980	Practical Hints for Collecting and Studying the Microlepidotera
Dead wood
Alexander, K.N.A., 2002	The Invertebrates of Living and Decaying Timber in Britain and Ireland - a Provisional Annotated Checklist
Food plants
Winter, T.G., 1974	New host records of Lepidoptera associated with afforestation in Britain
Microscopy
Moth Dissection Guide: http://www.angleps.com/Dissection%20Guide.pdf	Moth Dissection Guide
Cribb, P.W., 1972	An Amateur's Guide to the Study of the Genitalia of Lepidoptera
Migrants
Migrant Recorders Network discussion group: http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/migrantrecordersnetwork/join	Migrant Recorders Network discussion group
Parasitology
Hammond, H.E. & Smith, K.G.V., 1953	On some parasitic Diptera and Hymenoptera bred from lepidopterous hosts. Part 1: with a description of Frontina laeta Mg., (Dipt: Larvaevoridae)
Hammond, H.E. & Smith, K.G.V., 1955	On some parasitic Diptera and Hymenoptera bred from lepidopterous hosts. Part 2: misc. records of Phoridae, Larvaevoridae (Dipt.), Braconidae, Ichneumonidae and Eulophidae (Hym.)
Hammond, H.E. & Smith, K.G.V., 1957	On some parasitic Diptera and Hymenoptera bred from lepidopterous hosts. Part 3: records of Tachinidae (Dipt.), Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, Encyrtidae, Pteromalidae, Eulophidae and Scelionidae (Hym.)
Suppliers
Polybags Ltd: http://www.polybags.co.uk	Polybags Ltd

Feeding and other inter-species relationships

There may be more taxa associated with Lepidoptera listed at higher taxonomic level

	is endoparasitised by larva	Pollenia - cluster flies (Diptera: Calliphoridae)	van Emden, F.I.,, 1954
	is endoparasitised by larva	Sarcophaga albiceps - a flesh fly (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)	van Emden, F.I.,, 1954
	is endoparasitised by larva	Sarcophaga jacobsoni - a flesh fly (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)	van Emden, F.I.,, 1954
	is parasitised by Akanthomyces anamorph	Akanthomyces aculeatus - an anamorphic fungus	Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
adult (live)	live adult may be infected by	Conidiobolus thromboides - an entomophagous fungus (Entomophthorales: Ancylistaceae)	Waterhouse, G.M. & Brady, B.L., 1982
adult (live)	live adult may be infected by	Entomophthora aulicae - an entomophagous fungus (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae)	Waterhouse, G.M. & Brady, B.L., 1982
adult	adult is predated by adult	Troilus luridus - a predatory shieldbug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)	Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
adult	adult is predated by leaf	Pinguicula vulgaris - Common Butterwort (Lamiales: Lentibulariaceae)	Darwin, C., 1875 [small spp. (page 370)]
caterpillar	caterpillar may be infected by	Bacillus thuringiensis - BT	Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 [sold as a bacterial insecticide against caterpillars, especially leaf-eating spp on Brassica.]
caterpillar	caterpillar is predated by	Himacerus apterus - Tree Damsel Bug (Hemiptera: Nabidae)	Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
caterpillar	caterpillar is predated by	Nabis ferus - Field Damsel Bug (Hemiptera: Nabidae)	Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
caterpillar	caterpillar is predated by solitary nymph (3rd instar onwards)	Picromerus bidens - a predatory shieldbug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)	Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
caterpillar	caterpillar is predated by adult	Picromerus bidens - a predatory shieldbug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)	Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
caterpillar	caterpillar is predated by nymph	Troilus luridus - a predatory shieldbug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)	Hawkins, R.D., 1985 [some larvae]
caterpillar	caterpillar is predated by adult	Troilus luridus - a predatory shieldbug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)	Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
caterpillar	caterpillar is predated by adult	Pentatoma rufipes - Forest Bug (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae)	Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
egg	egg is endoparasitoid host of solitary larva	Trichogramma brassicae - a chalcid wasp (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)
egg	egg is predated by adult	Orthotylus tenellus - a plantbug or grassbug (Hemiptera: Miridae)	Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
egg	egg is predated by nymph	Orthotylus tenellus - a plantbug or grassbug (Hemiptera: Miridae)	Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
frass, caterpillar	frass of caterpillar dung may support colony of Clonostachys anamorph	Clonostachys simmonsii - an anamorphic fungus (Hypocreales: Bionectriaceae)	Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
imago	imago is parasitoid host of gregarious stroma	Cordyceps tuberculata - an ascomycete (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae)	Dennis, R.W.G., 1978
larva (buried (usually))	buried (usually) larva is parasitoid host of solitary (usually) stroma	Cordyceps militaris - Scarlet Caterpillarclub (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae)	Dennis, R.W.G., 1978
larva (buried)	buried larva is parasitoid host of solitary (usually) stroma	Cordyceps gracilis - an ascomycete (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae)	Dennis, R.W.G., 1978, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
larva (live)	live larva may be infected by	Erynia radicans - an entomophagous fungus (Entomophthorales: Entomophthoraceae)	Waterhouse, G.M. & Brady, B.L., 1982
larva (young)	larva (young) is predated by adult	Orthotylus tenellus - a plantbug or grassbug (Hemiptera: Miridae)	Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
larva (young)	larva (young) is predated by nymph	Orthotylus tenellus - a plantbug or grassbug (Hemiptera: Miridae)	Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
larva	larva is endoparasitoid host of larva	Blondelia nigripes - a parasitoid fly (Diptera: Tachinidae)	Belshaw, R., 1993
larva	larva is taken to the nest of female	Bethylus cephalotes - a bethylid wasp (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae)	Macdonald, M.A., in prep.
larva	larva is taken to the nest of female	Ammophila pubescens - Heath Sand Wasp (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)	Macdonald, M.A., in prep.
larva	larva is taken to the nest of female	Podalonia affinis - Mud Wasp (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)	Macdonald, M.A., in prep.
larva	larva is taken to the nest of female	Podalonia hirsuta - Hairy Sand Wasp (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)	Macdonald, M.A., in prep.
larva	larva is taken to the nest of female	Ancistrocerus gazella - a potter wasp or mason wasp (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae)	Macdonald, M.A., in prep.
larva	larva is taken to the nest of female	Ancistrocerus trifasciatus - a potter wasp or mason wasp (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae)	Macdonald, M.A., in prep.
larva	larva is taken to the nest of female	Microdynerus exilis - a potter wasp or mason wasp (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae)	Macdonald, M.A., in prep.
larva	larva is taken to the nest of female	Odynerus spinipes - Spiny Mason Wasp (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae)	Macdonald, M.A., in prep.
larva	larva is taken to the nest of female	Symmorphus bifasciatus - a potter wasp or mason wasp (Hymenoptera: Eumenidae)	Macdonald, M.A., in prep.
leaf-spinnings	leaf-spinnings may attract colony	Chaitophorus tremulae - a hairy aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)	Stroyan, H.L.G., 1977
pupa (buried (usually))	buried (usually) pupa is parasitoid host of solitary (usually) stroma	Cordyceps militaris - Scarlet Caterpillarclub (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae)	Dennis, R.W.G., 1978
pupa	pupa is parasitoid host of gregarious stroma	Cordyceps tuberculata - an ascomycete (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae)	Dennis, R.W.G., 1978