Pyrenidium actinellum Nyl.
(a lichenicolous ascomycete)

Interactions where Pyrenidium actinellum is the controlling partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
perithecium (immersed to erumpent)		immersed to erumpent perithecium parasitises thallus			Lecanora jamesii	a lichen	Lecanorales: Lecanoraceae	A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Dacampiaceae/Pyrenidium actinellum/	Pyrenidium actinellum	a lichenicolous ascomycete		immersed to erumpent		perithecium	Lichen / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Lecanorales/Lecanoraceae/Lecanora jamesii/	Lecanora jamesii	a lichen			thallus
perithecium (immersed to erumpent)		immersed to erumpent perithecium lives on/in thallus			Lecanora jamesii	a lichen	Lecanorales: Lecanoraceae	A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Dacampiaceae/Pyrenidium actinellum/	Pyrenidium actinellum	a lichenicolous ascomycete		immersed to erumpent		perithecium	Lichen / symbiont		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Lecanorales/Lecanoraceae/Lecanora jamesii/	Lecanora jamesii	a lichen			thallus
perithecium (immersed to erumpent)		immersed to erumpent perithecium parasitises thallus			Leptogium teretiusculum	a lichen	Peltigerales: Collemataceae	A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Dacampiaceae/Pyrenidium actinellum/	Pyrenidium actinellum	a lichenicolous ascomycete		immersed to erumpent		perithecium	Lichen / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Peltigerales/Collemataceae/Leptogium teretiusculum/	Leptogium teretiusculum	a lichen			thallus
perithecium (immersed to erumpent)		immersed to erumpent perithecium lives on/in thallus			Leptogium teretiusculum	a lichen	Peltigerales: Collemataceae	A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Dacampiaceae/Pyrenidium actinellum/	Pyrenidium actinellum	a lichenicolous ascomycete		immersed to erumpent		perithecium	Lichen / symbiont		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Peltigerales/Collemataceae/Leptogium teretiusculum/	Leptogium teretiusculum	a lichen			thallus
perithecium (immersed to erumpent)		immersed to erumpent perithecium parasitises thallus			Massalongia carnosa	a lichen	Peltigerales: Peltigeraceae	A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Dacampiaceae/Pyrenidium actinellum/	Pyrenidium actinellum	a lichenicolous ascomycete		immersed to erumpent		perithecium	Lichen / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Peltigerales/Peltigeraceae/Massalongia carnosa/	Massalongia carnosa	a lichen			thallus
perithecium (immersed to erumpent)		immersed to erumpent perithecium lives on/in thallus			Massalongia carnosa	a lichen	Peltigerales: Peltigeraceae	A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Dacampiaceae/Pyrenidium actinellum/	Pyrenidium actinellum	a lichenicolous ascomycete		immersed to erumpent		perithecium	Lichen / symbiont		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Peltigerales/Peltigeraceae/Massalongia carnosa/	Massalongia carnosa	a lichen			thallus
perithecium (immersed to erumpent)		immersed to erumpent perithecium causes galls on thallus			Peltigera	dog’s tooth lichens, dog lichens	Peltigerales: Peltigeraceae	A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Dacampiaceae/Pyrenidium actinellum/	Pyrenidium actinellum	a lichenicolous ascomycete		immersed to erumpent		perithecium	Lichen / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Peltigerales/Peltigeraceae/Peltigera/	Peltigera	dog’s tooth lichens, dog lichens			thallus
perithecium		perithecium parasitises thallus			Anaptychia ciliaris	a lichen	Teloschistales: Physciaceae	A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Dacampiaceae/Pyrenidium actinellum/	Pyrenidium actinellum	a lichenicolous ascomycete				perithecium	Lichen / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Teloschistales/Physciaceae/Anaptychia ciliaris/	Anaptychia ciliaris	a lichen			thallus
perithecium		perithecium parasitises thallus			Heterodermia leucomelos	Ciliate Strap-lichen	Teloschistales: Physciaceae	A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Dacampiaceae/Pyrenidium actinellum/	Pyrenidium actinellum	a lichenicolous ascomycete				perithecium	Lichen / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Teloschistales/Physciaceae/Heterodermia leucomelos/	Heterodermia leucomelos	ciliate strap-lichen			thallus
perithecium (immersed to erumpent)		immersed to erumpent perithecium parasitises thallus			Caloplaca teicholyta	a lichen	Teloschistales: Teloschistaceae	A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Dacampiaceae/Pyrenidium actinellum/	Pyrenidium actinellum	a lichenicolous ascomycete		immersed to erumpent		perithecium	Lichen / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Teloschistales/Teloschistaceae/Caloplaca teicholyta/	Caloplaca teicholyta	a lichen			thallus
perithecium (immersed to erumpent)		immersed to erumpent perithecium lives on/in thallus			Caloplaca teicholyta	a lichen	Teloschistales: Teloschistaceae	A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Dacampiaceae/Pyrenidium actinellum/	Pyrenidium actinellum	a lichenicolous ascomycete		immersed to erumpent		perithecium	Lichen / symbiont		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Teloschistales/Teloschistaceae/Caloplaca teicholyta/	Caloplaca teicholyta	a lichen			thallus
perithecium (immersed to erumpent)		immersed to erumpent perithecium parasitises thallus			Baeomyces rufus	a lichen	Baeomycetales: Baeomycetaceae	A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Dacampiaceae/Pyrenidium actinellum/	Pyrenidium actinellum	a lichenicolous ascomycete		immersed to erumpent		perithecium	Lichen / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Baeomycetales/Baeomycetaceae/Baeomyces rufus/	Baeomyces rufus	a lichen			thallus
perithecium (immersed to erumpent)		immersed to erumpent perithecium lives on/in thallus			Baeomyces rufus	a lichen	Baeomycetales: Baeomycetaceae	A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Dacampiaceae/Pyrenidium actinellum/	Pyrenidium actinellum	a lichenicolous ascomycete		immersed to erumpent		perithecium	Lichen / symbiont		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Baeomycetales/Baeomycetaceae/Baeomyces rufus/	Baeomyces rufus	a lichen			thallus
perithecium (immersed to erumpent)		immersed to erumpent perithecium parasitises thallus			Diploschistes caesioplumbeus	a lichen	Ostropales: Graphidaceae	A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Dacampiaceae/Pyrenidium actinellum/	Pyrenidium actinellum	a lichenicolous ascomycete		immersed to erumpent		perithecium	Lichen / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Ostropales/Graphidaceae/Diploschistes caesioplumbeus/	Diploschistes caesioplumbeus	a lichen			thallus
perithecium (immersed to erumpent)		immersed to erumpent perithecium lives on/in thallus			Diploschistes caesioplumbeus	a lichen	Ostropales: Graphidaceae	A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Dacampiaceae/Pyrenidium actinellum/	Pyrenidium actinellum	a lichenicolous ascomycete		immersed to erumpent		perithecium	Lichen / symbiont		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Ostropales/Graphidaceae/Diploschistes caesioplumbeus/	Diploschistes caesioplumbeus	a lichen			thallus

Interactions where Pyrenidium actinellum is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
gall		gall is associate of Trichoconis anamorph			Trichoconis lichenicola	a licheniclous anamorphic ascomycete		A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Trichoconis lichenicola/	Trichoconis lichenicola	a licheniclous anamorphic ascomycete				Trichoconis anamorph	Lichen / associate		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Dacampiaceae/Pyrenidium actinellum/	Pyrenidium actinellum	a lichenicolous ascomycete			gall					Trichoconis anamorph is associated with gall

Pyrenidium actinellum (a lichenicolous ascomycete) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Pyrenidium actinellum (a lichenicolous ascomycete) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Lichenes
(lichens)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Author & Year	Title	Source
Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles	44pp, The British Lichen Society

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Pyrenidium actinellum (a lichenicolous ascomycete)
Genus	Pyrenidium (a genus of lichens)
Family	DACAMPIACEAE (a family of lichens)
Order	PLEOSPORALES (an order of ascomycetes and lichens)
Subclass	DOTHIDEOMYCETIDAE (a subclass of fungi)
Class	DOTHIDEOMYCETES (a class of ascomycetes)
Subphylum	PEZIZOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of ascomycetes)
Phylum	ASCOMYCOTA (spore shooters, ascomycete)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Pyrenidium actinellum is also a member of:
Lichenes - lichens (via Dacampiaceae)
Micromycetes - microfungi (via Ascomycota)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Pyrenidium actinellum (a lichenicolous ascomycete)

Identification Works

	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Hawksworth, D.L.	1980	Notes on some fungi occurring on Peltigera, with a key to accepted species.	TBMS Vol 74 (2): 363-386.
	Hawksworth, D.L.	1975	Notes on British Lichenicolous Fungi, I	Kew Bulletin Vol 30 (1): 183-203.

Pyrenidium actinellum (a lichenicolous ascomycete) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

PLEOSPORALES
(an order of ascomycetes and lichens)

DOTHIDEOMYCETES
(a class of ascomycetes)

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Lichenes
(lichens)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Pyrenidium actinellum (a lichenicolous ascomycete):

PLEOSPORALES
(an order of ascomycetes and lichens)

DOTHIDEOMYCETES
(a class of ascomycetes)

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Lichenes
(lichens)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

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