Rubus (brambles, blackberries and raspberries)

Interactions where Rubus is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'References').

Filters:

Affected Part	Summary	Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Season	Summary
	is associate of imago	Sterictophora furcata	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Argiidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (a), Benson, R.B., 1951	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Argiidae/Sterictophora furcata/	Sterictophora furcata	a sawfly			imago	Plant / associate		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries							imago is associated with
	in open parts of woodland is associate of imago	Perineura rubi	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Perineura rubi/	Perineura rubi	a sawfly			imago	Plant / associate		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries				in open parts of woodland			imago is associated with in open parts of woodland
	has sap sucked by adult	Compsidolon salicellum	a plantbug	Hemiptera: Miridae	Notes on the Recording and Identification of Psallus, Nau, B.S., 1984 Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Compsidolon (Coniortodes) salicellum/	Compsidolon (Coniortodes) salicellum	a plantbug			adult	Foodplant / sap sucker	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries						(7-10)	adult sucks sap of
	has sap sucked by	Macrosiphum funestum	an aphid	Hemiptera: Aphididae	Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) funestum/	Macrosiphum (Macrosiphum) funestum	an aphid				Foodplant / sap sucker		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries							sucks sap of
	is decayed by effuse colony of Coremiella dematiaceous anamorph	Coremiella cubispora	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Coremiella cubispora/	Coremiella cubispora	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Coremiella dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries						(7-10)	effuse colony of Coremiella dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on
	is decayed by subiculate pseudothecia	Byssolophis sphaerioides	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Lophiostomataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Lophiostomataceae/Byssolophis sphaerioides/	Byssolophis sphaerioides	an ascomycete	subiculate		pseudothecia	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries							subiculate pseudothecia is saprobic on
	litter is decayed by colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph	Phaeostalagmus tenuissimus	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Phaeostalagmus tenuissimus/	Phaeostalagmus tenuissimus	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries				litter			colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on litter
	may be infected and damaged by	[Armillaria mellea s.l.]	honey fungi	Agaricales: Physalacriaceae	Armillaria mellea can infect the perennial weed, Rumex obtusifolius, in the UK, West, J.S., Hughes, C. & Fox, R.T.V., 2000	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Physalacriaceae/Armillaria mellea s.l./	Armillaria mellea s.l.	honey fungi				Foodplant / pathogen	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries							infects and damages
	is parasitised by aecium	Phragmidium rubi-idaei	Raspberry Rust	Pucciniales: Phragmidiaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Phragmidiaceae/Phragmidium rubi-idaei/	Phragmidium rubi-idaei	raspberry rust			aecium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries					Rare	(5-10)	aecium parasitises
	is parasitised by pycnium	Phragmidium rubi-idaei	Raspberry Rust	Pucciniales: Phragmidiaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Phragmidiaceae/Phragmidium rubi-idaei/	Phragmidium rubi-idaei	raspberry rust			pycnium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries						(5-10)	pycnium parasitises
(dead)	dead is decayed by colony of Chalara dematiaceous anamorph	Chalara aotearoa	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Microascales	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Microascales/Chalara aotearoa/	Chalara aotearoa	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Chalara dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead					colony of Chalara dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead
anther (live)	live anther may be infected and damaged by immersed pycnidium of Hapalosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Hapalosphaeria deformans	Stamen Blight Of Raspberries and Bramble - causative organism		Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Hapalosphaeria deformans/	Hapalosphaeria deformans	stamen blight of raspberries and bramble (causative organism)	immersed	pycnidium	Hapalosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		live	anther				immersed pycnidium of Hapalosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages live anther
bark	bark is decayed by effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph	Camposporium pellucidum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Camposporium pellucidum/	Camposporium pellucidum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			bark				effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on bark
bark	bark is decayed by effuse colony of Virgaria dematiaceous anamorph	Virgaria nigra	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Xylariales: Xylariaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Xylariaceae/Virgaria nigra/	Virgaria nigra	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Virgaria dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			bark				effuse colony of Virgaria dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on bark
bark (dead)	dead bark is decayed by effuse colony of Pseudospiropes dematiaceous anamorph	Strossmayeria atriseda	a discomycete	Helotiales: Helotiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Strossmayeria atriseda/	Strossmayeria atriseda	a discomycete	effuse	colony	Pseudospiropes dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	bark				effuse colony of Pseudospiropes dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead bark
bark (dead)	dead bark is decayed by colony of Menispora dematiaceous anamorph	Menispora ciliata	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Menispora ciliata/	Menispora ciliata	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Menispora dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	bark				colony of Menispora dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead bark
branch (old) (thickly encrusted)	thickly encrusted branch (old) has sap sucked by	Pseudaulacaspis pentagona	White Peach Scale	Hemiptera: Diaspididae	CSL Pest Risk Analysis for Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, MacLeod, A., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Diaspididae/Pseudaulacaspis pentagona/	Pseudaulacaspis pentagona	white peach scale				Foodplant / sap sucker	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		thickly encrusted	branch (old)				sucks sap of thickly encrusted branch (old)
branch wood (dry, hard, decorticate)	dry, hard, decorticate branch wood is decayed by superficial pycnidium of Aposphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Melanomma pulvis-pyrius	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Melanommataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Melanommataceae/Melanomma pulvis-pyrius/	Melanomma pulvis-pyrius	an ascomycete	superficial	pycnidium	Aposphaeria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dry, hard, decorticate	branch wood			(9-5)	superficial pycnidium of Aposphaeria coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dry, hard, decorticate branch wood
branch wood (dry, hard, decorticate)	dry, hard, decorticate branch wood is decayed by superficial, often in very large clusters pseudothecium	Melanomma pulvis-pyrius	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Melanommataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Melanommataceae/Melanomma pulvis-pyrius/	Melanomma pulvis-pyrius	an ascomycete	superficial, often in very large clusters		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dry, hard, decorticate	branch wood			(9-5)	superficial, often in very large clusters pseudothecium is saprobic on dry, hard, decorticate branch wood
branch	branch is decayed by subgregarious to densely scattered, covered then erumpent, blackish grey with paler roundish flat disc stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Cytospora populina	a valsoid pyrenomycete	Diaporthales: Valsaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Cytospora populina/	Cytospora populina	a valsoid pyrenomycete	subgregarious to densely scattered, covered then erumpent, blackish grey with paler roundish flat disc	stroma	Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			branch			(10-5)	subgregarious to densely scattered, covered then erumpent, blackish grey with paler roundish flat disc stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on branch
branch	branch is decayed by immersed, grouped in circles perithecium	Cytospora populina	a valsoid pyrenomycete	Diaporthales: Valsaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Cytospora populina/	Cytospora populina	a valsoid pyrenomycete	immersed, grouped in circles		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			branch			(10-5)	immersed, grouped in circles perithecium is saprobic on branch
branch	branch is decayed by erumpent stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Valsa ceratosperma	a valsoid pyrenomycete	Diaporthales: Valsaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Valsa ceratosperma/	Valsa ceratosperma	a valsoid pyrenomycete	erumpent	stroma	Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			branch			(11-3)	erumpent stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on branch
branch	branch is decayed by immersed, in groups of about 10 perithecium	Valsa ceratosperma	a valsoid pyrenomycete	Diaporthales: Valsaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Valsa ceratosperma/	Valsa ceratosperma	a valsoid pyrenomycete	immersed, in groups of about 10		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			branch			(11-3)	immersed, in groups of about 10 perithecium is saprobic on branch
branch (dead, decorticate)	dead, decorticate branch is decayed by hysterothecium	Hysterium angustatum	a coffee bean fungus	Hysteriales: Hysteriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Hysteriales/Hysteriaceae/Hysterium angustatum/	Hysterium angustatum	a coffee bean fungus			hysterothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead, decorticate	branch			(3-5)	hysterothecium is saprobic on dead, decorticate branch
branch (dead, esp. buried under brushwood)	dead, esp. buried under brushwood branch is decayed by gregarious, subiculate perithecium	Rosellinia aquila	a pyrenomycete	Xylariales: Xylariaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Xylariaceae/Rosellinia aquila/	Rosellinia aquila	a pyrenomycete	gregarious, subiculate		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead, esp. buried under brushwood	branch			(2-5)	gregarious, subiculate perithecium is saprobic on dead, esp. buried under brushwood branch
branch (dead, esp. buried under brushwood)	dead, esp. buried under brushwood branch is decayed by colony of Geniculosporium dematiaceous anamorph	Rosellinia aquila	a pyrenomycete	Xylariales: Xylariaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Xylariaceae/Rosellinia aquila/	Rosellinia aquila	a pyrenomycete		colony	Geniculosporium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead, esp. buried under brushwood	branch			(2-5)	colony of Geniculosporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, esp. buried under brushwood branch
branch (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen branch is decayed by stalked apothecium	Hymenoscyphus calyculus	a discomycete	Helotiales: Helotiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Hymenoscyphus calyculus/	Hymenoscyphus calyculus	a discomycete	stalked		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead, fallen	branch			(6-12)	stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by sporodochium of Cryptocoryneum dematiaceous anamorph	Cryptocoryneum rilstonii	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Cryptocoryneum rilstonii/	Cryptocoryneum rilstonii	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		sporodochium	Cryptocoryneum dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	branch				sporodochium of Cryptocoryneum dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by effuse colony of Sporidesmiella dematiaceous anamorph	Sporidesmiella hyalosperma var hyalosperma	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales: Melanommataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Melanommataceae/Sporidesmiella hyalosperma var. hyalosperma/	Sporidesmiella hyalosperma var. hyalosperma	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Sporidesmiella dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	branch			(2-10)	effuse colony of Sporidesmiella dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph	Sporidesmium goidanichii	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Sporidesmium goidanichii/	Sporidesmium goidanichii	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	branch				effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by sessile apothecium	Mollisia cinerea	Common Grey Disco	Helotiales: Dermateaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Mollisia cinerea/	Mollisia cinerea	common grey disco	sessile		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	branch			(1-12)	sessile apothecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by sessile apothecium	Mollisia melaleuca	a discomycete	Helotiales: Dermateaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Mollisia melaleuca/	Mollisia melaleuca	a discomycete	sessile		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	branch			(10-5)	sessile apothecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by stromatic, deeply sunken apothecium	Karstenia rhopaloides	a discomycete	Rhytismatales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Karstenia rhopaloides/	Karstenia rhopaloides	a discomycete	stromatic, deeply sunken		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	branch			(6-11)	stromatic, deeply sunken apothecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by embedded stroma	Karstenia rhopaloides	a discomycete	Rhytismatales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Karstenia rhopaloides/	Karstenia rhopaloides	a discomycete	embedded		stroma	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	branch			(6-11)	embedded stroma is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by effuse colony of Phragmocephala dematiaceous anamorph	Phragmocephala elliptica	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Phragmocephala elliptica/	Phragmocephala elliptica	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Phragmocephala dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	branch			(4-10)	effuse colony of Phragmocephala dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by superficial, gregarious perithecium	Hilberina caudata	a pyrenomycete		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hilberina caudata/	Hilberina caudata	a pyrenomycete	superficial, gregarious		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	branch			(7-8)	superficial, gregarious perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by sometimes effuse Gliocladium anamorph	Gliocladium roseum	an anamorphic fungus	Hypocreales: Hypocreaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Hypocreaceae/Gliocladium roseum/	Gliocladium roseum	an anamorphic fungus	sometimes effuse		Gliocladium anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	branch		Major		sometimes effuse Gliocladium anamorph is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by superficial stroma	Hypocrea splendens	a stromatic pyrenomycete	Hypocreales: Hypocreaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Hypocreaceae/Hypocrea splendens/	Hypocrea splendens	a stromatic pyrenomycete	superficial		stroma	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	branch			(9-10)	superficial stroma is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by scattered or on a stroma in groups of 5 to 30 perithecium	Neonectria coccinea	Beech Bark Disease - causative organism	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria coccinea/	Neonectria coccinea	beech bark disease (causative organism)	scattered or on a stroma in groups of 5 to 30		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	branch			(9-5)	scattered or on a stroma in groups of 5 to 30 perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by Cylindrocarpon anamorph	Neonectria coccinea	Beech Bark Disease - causative organism	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria coccinea/	Neonectria coccinea	beech bark disease (causative organism)			Cylindrocarpon anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	branch			(9-5)	Cylindrocarpon anamorph is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by erumpent stroma	Neonectria coccinea	Beech Bark Disease - causative organism	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria coccinea/	Neonectria coccinea	beech bark disease (causative organism)	erumpent		stroma	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	branch			(9-5)	erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by subcortical stroma	Eutypella scoparia	a stromatic pyrenomycete	Xylariales: Diatrypaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Diatrypaceae/Eutypella scoparia/	Eutypella scoparia	a stromatic pyrenomycete	subcortical		stroma	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	branch			(1-4)	subcortical stroma is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by subcortical synnema of Harpographium anamorph	Eutypella scoparia	a stromatic pyrenomycete	Xylariales: Diatrypaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Diatrypaceae/Eutypella scoparia/	Eutypella scoparia	a stromatic pyrenomycete	subcortical	synnema	Harpographium anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	branch			(1-4)	subcortical synnema of Harpographium anamorph is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead)	dead branch is decayed by subcortical, immersed, in clusters of 7-15, erumpent necked perithecium	Eutypella scoparia	a stromatic pyrenomycete	Xylariales: Diatrypaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Diatrypaceae/Eutypella scoparia/	Eutypella scoparia	a stromatic pyrenomycete	subcortical, immersed, in clusters of 7-15, erumpent necked		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	branch			(1-4)	subcortical, immersed, in clusters of 7-15, erumpent necked perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (fallen, dead, esp. covered by leaf mould)	fallen, dead, esp. covered by leaf mould branch is decayed by perithecium	Chaetosphaeria inaequalis	a pyrenomycete	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Chaetosphaeria inaequalis/	Chaetosphaeria inaequalis	a pyrenomycete			perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		fallen, dead, esp. covered by leaf mould	branch			(1-12)	perithecium is saprobic on fallen, dead, esp. covered by leaf mould branch
branch (fallen, dead, esp. covered by leaf mould)	fallen, dead, esp. covered by leaf mould branch is decayed by colony of Gonytrichum dematiaceous anamorph	Chaetosphaeria inaequalis	a pyrenomycete	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Chaetosphaeria inaequalis/	Chaetosphaeria inaequalis	a pyrenomycete		colony	Gonytrichum dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		fallen, dead, esp. covered by leaf mould	branch			(1-12)	colony of Gonytrichum dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen, dead, esp. covered by leaf mould branch
branch (fallen, dead)	fallen, dead branch is decayed by effuse colony of Phaeoisaria dematiaceous anamorph	Phaeoisaria clematidis	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Calosphaeriales: Calosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Calosphaeriales/Calosphaeriaceae/Phaeoisaria clematidis/	Phaeoisaria clematidis	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Phaeoisaria dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		fallen, dead	branch			(11-4)	effuse colony of Phaeoisaria dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen, dead branch
branch (fallen, dead)	fallen, dead branch is decayed by colony of Catenularia dematiaceous anamorph	Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa	a pyrenomycete	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa/	Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa	a pyrenomycete		colony	Catenularia dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		fallen, dead	branch			(1-12)	colony of Catenularia dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen, dead branch
branch (fallen, dead)	fallen, dead branch is decayed by perithecium	Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa	a pyrenomycete	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa/	Chaetosphaeria myriocarpa	a pyrenomycete			perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		fallen, dead	branch			(1-12)	perithecium is saprobic on fallen, dead branch
branch (fallen, dead)	fallen, dead branch is decayed by perithecium	Chaetosphaeria preussii	a pyrenomycete	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Chaetosphaeria preussii/	Chaetosphaeria preussii	a pyrenomycete			perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		fallen, dead	branch			(11-5)	perithecium is saprobic on fallen, dead branch
branch (fallen, dead)	fallen, dead branch is decayed by colony of Chloridium dematiaceous anamorph	Chaetosphaeria preussii	a pyrenomycete	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Chaetosphaeria preussii/	Chaetosphaeria preussii	a pyrenomycete		colony	Chloridium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		fallen, dead	branch			(11-5)	colony of Chloridium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen, dead branch
branch (fallen, dead)	fallen, dead branch is decayed by colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph	Phaeostalagmus cyclosporus	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Phaeostalagmus cyclosporus/	Phaeostalagmus cyclosporus	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		fallen, dead	branch			(1-12)	colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen, dead branch
branch (fallen)	fallen branch is decayed by clustered, subiculate pseudothecium	Herpotrichia macrotricha	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Melanommataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Melanommataceae/Herpotrichia macrotricha/	Herpotrichia macrotricha	an ascomycete	clustered, subiculate		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		fallen	branch		Minor	(10-4)	clustered, subiculate pseudothecium is saprobic on fallen branch
branch (fallen)	fallen branch is decayed by colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph	Phaeostalagmus tenuissimus	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Phaeostalagmus tenuissimus/	Phaeostalagmus tenuissimus	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		fallen	branch				colony of Phaeostalagmus dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on fallen branch
canes (new) (short, feeble)	short, feeble canes (new) may be infected and damaged by	[Rubus Stunt phytoplasma]	a phytpathogenic phytoplasma	Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Firmicutes/Mollicutes/Acholeplasmatales/Acholeplasmataceae/Rubus Stunt phytoplasma/	Rubus Stunt phytoplasma	a phytpathogenic phytoplasma				Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		short, feeble	canes (new)				infects and damages short, feeble canes (new)
debris	debris is decayed by Botrytis cinerea-type dematiaceous anamorph	Botryotinia fuckeliana	a discomycete	Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Botryotinia fuckeliana/	Botryotinia fuckeliana	a discomycete			Botrytis cinerea-type dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			debris				Botrytis cinerea-type dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on debris
debris	debris is decayed by stalked, sclerotial apothecium	Botryotinia fuckeliana	a discomycete	Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Botryotinia fuckeliana/	Botryotinia fuckeliana	a discomycete	stalked, sclerotial		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			debris				stalked, sclerotial apothecium is saprobic on debris
debris	debris is decayed by sclerotium	Botryotinia fuckeliana	a discomycete	Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Botryotinia fuckeliana/	Botryotinia fuckeliana	a discomycete			sclerotium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			debris				sclerotium is saprobic on debris
flower bud	flower bud is galled by larva	Anthonomus rubi	Strawberry Blossom Weevil, Strawberry-blossom Weevil	Coleoptera: Curculionidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Anthonomus (Anthonomus) rubi/	Anthonomus (Anthonomus) rubi	strawberry blossom weevil, strawberry-blossom weevil			larva	Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			flower bud		Major		larva causes gall of flower bud
flower bud	flower bud is galled by larva	Contarinia rubicola	a gall midge	Diptera: Cecidomyiidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Cecidomyiidae/Contarinia rubicola/	Contarinia rubicola	a gall midge			larva	Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			flower bud		Sole		larva causes gall of flower bud
flower	flower is visited for nectar and/or pollen by imago	Trichius fasciatus	Bee Beetle	Coleoptera: Cetoniidae	Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea), Jessop, L., 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cetoniidae/Trichius fasciatus/	Trichius fasciatus	bee beetle			imago	Foodplant / visitor		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			flower				imago visits for nectar and/or pollen flower
flower (proliferated, virescent, phyllodic)	proliferated, virescent, phyllodic flower may be infected and damaged by	Phytoplasma asteris	an aster yellows	Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae	Detection and characterization of phytoplasmas associated with diseases of Rubus spp. in Poland, Cieslinska, M., 2011 The occurrence of two phytoplasmas associated with stunted Rubus species in the UK, Davies, D.L., 2000	/Firmicutes/Mollicutes/Acholeplasmatales/Acholeplasmataceae/Phytoplasma asteris/	Phytoplasma asteris	an aster yellows				Foodplant / pathogen	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		proliferated, virescent, phyllodic	flower				infects and damages proliferated, virescent, phyllodic flower
flower (proliferated, virescent, phyllodic)	proliferated, virescent, phyllodic flower may be infected and damaged by	X disease phytoplasma	a phytoplasma	Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae	Detection and characterization of phytoplasmas associated with diseases of Rubus spp. in Poland, Cieslinska, M., 2011 The occurrence of two phytoplasmas associated with stunted Rubus species in the UK, Davies, D.L., 2000	/Firmicutes/Mollicutes/Acholeplasmatales/Acholeplasmataceae/X disease phytoplasma/	X disease phytoplasma	a phytoplasma				Foodplant / pathogen	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		proliferated, virescent, phyllodic	flower				infects and damages proliferated, virescent, phyllodic flower
leaf-litter	leaf-litter is decayed by apothecium	Mollisina acerina	a discomycete	Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Mollisina acerina/	Mollisina acerina	a discomycete			apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf-litter				apothecium is saprobic on leaf-litter
leaf?	leaf? is decayed by sessile apothecium	Graddonidiscus coruscatus	a discomycete	Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Graddonidiscus coruscatus/	Graddonidiscus coruscatus	a discomycete	sessile		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf?			(10-12)	sessile apothecium is saprobic on leaf?
leaf	leaf is galled by	Eriophyes gibbosus	a gall mite	Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Trombidiformes/Eriophyidae/Eriophyes gibbosus/	Eriophyes gibbosus	a gall mite				Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf				causes gall of leaf
leaf	leaf is galled by	Eriophyes rubicolens	a gall mite	Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Trombidiformes/Eriophyidae/Eriophyes rubicolens/	Eriophyes rubicolens	a gall mite				Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf				causes gall of leaf
leaf	leaf is galled by	Eriophyes silvicola	a gall mite	Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Trombidiformes/Eriophyidae/Eriophyes silvicola/	Eriophyes silvicola	a gall mite				Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf				causes gall of leaf
leaf	leaf is galled by	Phyllocoptes gracilis	a gall mite	Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Trombidiformes/Eriophyidae/Phyllocoptes gracilis/	Phyllocoptes gracilis	a gall mite				Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf				causes gall of leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Batophila aerata	Raspberry Flea Beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Batophila aerata/	Batophila aerata	raspberry flea beetle			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf		Sole		larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by imago	Batophila aerata	Raspberry Flea Beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Batophila aerata/	Batophila aerata	raspberry flea beetle			imago	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf				imago grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Batophila rubi	Raspberry Flea Beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Batophila rubi/	Batophila rubi	raspberry flea beetle			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf				larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by imago	Batophila rubi	Raspberry Flea Beetle	Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Batophila rubi/	Batophila rubi	raspberry flea beetle			imago	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf				imago grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is mined by solitary larva	Agromyza idaeiana	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Agromyza idaeiana/	Agromyza idaeiana	a leaf-mining fly	solitary		larva	Foodplant / miner		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf				solitary larva mines leaf
leaf	leaf is mined by larva	Agromyza sulfuriceps	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Agromyza sulfuriceps/	Agromyza sulfuriceps	a leaf-mining fly			larva	Foodplant / miner		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf		Major		larva mines leaf
leaf	leaf is galled by larva	Dasineura plicatrix	a gall midge	Diptera: Cecidomyiidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Cecidomyiidae/Dasineura plicatrix/	Dasineura plicatrix	a gall midge			larva	Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf				larva causes gall of leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Arge cyanocrocea	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Argidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (a), Benson, R.B., 1951	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Argidae/Arge cyanocrocea/	Arge cyanocrocea	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf		Sole		larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Allantus calceatus	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Allantus calceatus/	Allantus calceatus	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf				larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Allantus rufocinctus	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Allantus rufocinctus/	Allantus rufocinctus	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf				larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by epiphyllous larva	Caliroa cerasi	Pear and Cherry Slug Sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Caliroa cerasi/	Caliroa cerasi	pear and cherry slug sawfly	epiphyllous		larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf			(6-9)	epiphyllous larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Claremontia alternipes	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Claremontia alternipes/	Claremontia alternipes	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries	?		leaf				larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by nocturnal larva	Macrophya montana	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Macrophya (Macrophya) montana/	Macrophya (Macrophya) montana	a sawfly	nocturnal		larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf				nocturnal larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Monophadnoides geniculatus	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Monophadnoides geniculatus/	Monophadnoides geniculatus	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf				larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Priophorus brullei	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c), Benson, R.B., 1958	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Priophorus brullei/	Priophorus brullei	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf				larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is grazed by larva	Pristiphora pallidiventris	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c), Benson, R.B., 1958	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Pristiphora (Pristiphora) pallidiventris/	Pristiphora (Pristiphora) pallidiventris	a sawfly			larva	Foodplant / open feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf				larva grazes on leaf
leaf	leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous uredium	Phragmidium rubi-idaei	Raspberry Rust	Pucciniales: Phragmidiaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Phragmidiaceae/Phragmidium rubi-idaei/	Phragmidium rubi-idaei	raspberry rust	hypophyllous		uredium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf			(5-10)	hypophyllous uredium parasitises leaf
leaf	leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous telium	Phragmidium rubi-idaei	Raspberry Rust	Pucciniales: Phragmidiaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Phragmidiaceae/Phragmidium rubi-idaei/	Phragmidium rubi-idaei	raspberry rust	hypophyllous		telium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			leaf			(5-10)	hypophyllous telium parasitises leaf
leaf (damp, dead, fallen, densely shaded)	damp, dead, fallen, densely shaded leaf is decayed by sessile or subsessile apothecium	Lachnum misellum	a discomycete	Helotiales: Lachnaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Lachnaceae/Lachnum misellum/	Lachnum misellum	a discomycete	sessile or subsessile		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		damp, dead, fallen, densely shaded	leaf			(9-10)	sessile or subsessile apothecium is saprobic on damp, dead, fallen, densely shaded leaf
leaf (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen leaf is decayed by erumpent, subsessile apothecium	Calycellina populina	a discomycete	Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Calycellina populina/	Calycellina populina	a discomycete	erumpent, subsessile		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead, fallen	leaf			(9-3)	erumpent, subsessile apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen leaf is decayed by apothecium	Unguiculella foliicola	a discomycete	Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Unguiculella foliicola/	Unguiculella foliicola	a discomycete			apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead, fallen	leaf			(6-12)	apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by thyriothecium	Microthyrium ciliatum var hederae	a fly speck fungus	Microthyriales: Microthyriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Microthyriales/Microthyriaceae/Microthyrium ciliatum var. hederae/	Microthyrium ciliatum var. hederae	a fly speck fungus			thyriothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	leaf			(9-5)	thyriothecium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by superficial mycelium	Microthyrium ciliatum var hederae	a fly speck fungus	Microthyriales: Microthyriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Microthyriales/Microthyriaceae/Microthyrium ciliatum var. hederae/	Microthyrium ciliatum var. hederae	a fly speck fungus	superficial		mycelium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	leaf			(9-5)	superficial mycelium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph	Sporidesmium goidanichii	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Sporidesmium goidanichii/	Sporidesmium goidanichii	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	leaf				effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by stalked apothecium	Hyaloscypha fuscostipitata	a discomycete	Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Hyaloscypha fuscostipitata/	Hyaloscypha fuscostipitata	a discomycete	stalked		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	leaf			(7-10)	stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by stalked, sclerotial apothecium	Botryotinia fuckeliana	a discomycete	Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Botryotinia fuckeliana/	Botryotinia fuckeliana	a discomycete	stalked, sclerotial		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	leaf				stalked, sclerotial apothecium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by Botrytis cinerea-type dematiaceous anamorph	Botryotinia fuckeliana	a discomycete	Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Botryotinia fuckeliana/	Botryotinia fuckeliana	a discomycete			Botrytis cinerea-type dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	leaf				Botrytis cinerea-type dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by sclerotium	Botryotinia fuckeliana	a discomycete	Helotiales: Sclerotiniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Sclerotiniaceae/Botryotinia fuckeliana/	Botryotinia fuckeliana	a discomycete			sclerotium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	leaf				sclerotium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (live, curled)	live, curled leaf is galled by solitary, hypophyllous	Amphorophora rubi	an aphid	Hemiptera: Aphididae	Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962, Fjelddalen, J., 1964 Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Amphorophora (Amphorophora) rubi/	Amphorophora (Amphorophora) rubi	an aphid	solitary, hypophyllous			Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		live, curled	leaf				solitary, hypophyllous causes gall of live, curled leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf has sap sucked by	Macropsis fuscula	a leafhopper	Hemiptera: Cicadellidae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Cicadellidae/Macropsis fuscula/	Macropsis fuscula	a leafhopper				Foodplant / sap sucker		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		live	leaf				sucks sap of live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf has sap sucked by	Macropsis scotti	a leafhopper	Hemiptera: Cicadellidae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Cicadellidae/Macropsis scotti/	Macropsis scotti	a leafhopper				Foodplant / sap sucker		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		live	leaf				sucks sap of live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf has sap sucked by hypophyllous	Aphis ruborum	an aphid	Hemiptera: Aphididae	Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Aphis (Aphis) ruborum/	Aphis (Aphis) ruborum	an aphid	hypophyllous			Foodplant / sap sucker		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		live	leaf				hypophyllous sucks sap of live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf has sap sucked by	Sitobion fragariae	Bramble Aphid or Blackberry Aphid	Hemiptera: Aphididae	Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989 Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe, Rotheray, G.E., 1993	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Sitobion (Sitobion) fragariae/	Sitobion (Sitobion) fragariae	bramble aphid or blackberry aphid				Foodplant / sap sucker		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		live	leaf		Major		sucks sap of live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by amphigenous caespituli of Neoramularia hyphomycetous anamorph	Neoramularia rubi	an anamorphic fungus	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998 Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Neoramularia rubi/	Neoramularia rubi	an anamorphic fungus	amphigenous	caespituli	Neoramularia hyphomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		live	leaf				amphigenous caespituli of Neoramularia hyphomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf may be infected and damaged by Phoma coelomycetous anamorph	Didymella applanata	Raspberry Spur Blight	Pleosporales: Didymellaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Didymellaceae/Didymella applanata/	Didymella applanata	raspberry spur blight			Phoma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		live	leaf			(3-5)	Phoma coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf may be infected and damaged by immersed pseudothecium	Didymella applanata	Raspberry Spur Blight	Pleosporales: Didymellaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Didymellaceae/Didymella applanata/	Didymella applanata	raspberry spur blight	immersed		pseudothecium	Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		live	leaf			(3-5)	immersed pseudothecium infects and damages live leaf
leaf (rotting)	rotting leaf is decayed by apothecium	Hymenoscyphus albopunctus	a discomycete	Helotiales: Helotiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Hymenoscyphus albopunctus/	Hymenoscyphus albopunctus	a discomycete			apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		rotting	leaf			(10-11)	apothecium is saprobic on rotting leaf
litter	litter is decayed by effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph	Camposporium cambrense	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Camposporium cambrense/	Camposporium cambrense	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			litter			(1-12)	effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on litter
litter	litter is decayed by effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph	Camposporium pellucidum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Camposporium pellucidum/	Camposporium pellucidum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			litter				effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on litter
litter	litter is decayed by sessile or subsessile apothecium	Phaeohelotium epiphyllum	a discomycete	Helotiales: Helotiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Phaeohelotium epiphyllum/	Phaeohelotium epiphyllum	a discomycete	sessile or subsessile		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			litter			(9-11)	sessile or subsessile apothecium is saprobic on litter
plant (stunted)	stunted plant may be infected and damaged by	Phytoplasma asteris	an aster yellows	Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae	Detection and characterization of phytoplasmas associated with diseases of Rubus spp. in Poland, Cieslinska, M., 2011 The occurrence of two phytoplasmas associated with stunted Rubus species in the UK, Davies, D.L., 2000	/Firmicutes/Mollicutes/Acholeplasmatales/Acholeplasmataceae/Phytoplasma asteris/	Phytoplasma asteris	an aster yellows				Foodplant / pathogen	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		stunted	plant				infects and damages stunted plant
plant (stunted)	stunted plant may be infected and damaged by	X disease phytoplasma	a phytoplasma	Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae	Detection and characterization of phytoplasmas associated with diseases of Rubus spp. in Poland, Cieslinska, M., 2011 The occurrence of two phytoplasmas associated with stunted Rubus species in the UK, Davies, D.L., 2000	/Firmicutes/Mollicutes/Acholeplasmatales/Acholeplasmataceae/X disease phytoplasma/	X disease phytoplasma	a phytoplasma				Foodplant / pathogen	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		stunted	plant				infects and damages stunted plant
root	root is galled by	Rhizobium radiobacter	Crown Gall - causative organism	Rhizobiales: Rhizobiaceae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Proteobacteria/Alphaproteobacteria/Rhizobiales/Rhizobiaceae/Rhizobium radiobacter/	Rhizobium radiobacter	crown gall (causative organism)				Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			root				causes gall of root
shoot tip (live)	live shoot tip may contain larva	Pegomya rubivora	Loganberry Cane Fly	Diptera: Anthomyiidae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Anthomyiidae/Pegomya rubivora/	Pegomya rubivora	loganberry cane fly			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		live	shoot tip				larva feeds within live shoot tip
shoot (decaying)	decaying shoot may contain larva	Neocoenorrhinus germanicus	Strawberry Rhynchites	Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae	Orthocerous Weevils, Morris, M.G., 1990	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Rhynchitidae/Neocoenorrhinus germanicus/	Neocoenorrhinus germanicus	strawberry rhynchites			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		decaying	shoot				larva feeds within decaying shoot
stem (esp. base)	stem (esp. base) is galled by	Rhizobium radiobacter	Crown Gall - causative organism	Rhizobiales: Rhizobiaceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998 Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Proteobacteria/Alphaproteobacteria/Rhizobiales/Rhizobiaceae/Rhizobium radiobacter/	Rhizobium radiobacter	crown gall (causative organism)				Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			stem (esp. base)				causes gall of stem (esp. base)
stem	stem is galled by	[Rubus Stunt phytoplasma]	a phytpathogenic phytoplasma	Acholeplasmatales: Acholeplasmataceae	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	/Firmicutes/Mollicutes/Acholeplasmatales/Acholeplasmataceae/Rubus Stunt phytoplasma/	Rubus Stunt phytoplasma	a phytpathogenic phytoplasma				Foodplant / gall		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			stem				causes gall of stem
stem	stem is galled by larva	Lasioptera rubi	a gall midge	Diptera: Cecidomyiidae	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Cecidomyiidae/Lasioptera rubi/	Lasioptera rubi	a gall midge			larva	Foodplant / gall	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			stem				larva causes gall of stem
stem (dead, Chaetosphearia callimorpha-infected)	dead, Chaetosphearia callimorpha-infected stem is associate of effuse colony of Veronaea dematiaceous anamorph	Veronaea parvispora	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Veronaea parvispora/	Veronaea parvispora	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Veronaea dematiaceous anamorph	Plant / associate		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead, Chaetosphearia callimorpha-infected	stem				effuse colony of Veronaea dematiaceous anamorph is associated with dead, Chaetosphearia callimorpha-infected stem
stem (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed stem is decayed by fruitbody	Resinomycena saccharifera	a toadstool	Agaricales: Mycenaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Mycenaceae/Resinomycena saccharifera/	Resinomycena saccharifera	a toadstool			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead, decayed	stem				fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed stem
stem (dead, half-buried in moss)	dead, half-buried in moss stem is decayed by apothecium	Plectania melastoma	Corona Cup	Pezizales: Sarcosomataceae	Recording discomycetes in Worcestershire, Clark, M.C., 1984 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Pezizomycetes/Pezizales/Sarcosomataceae/Plectania melastoma/	Plectania melastoma	corona cup			apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead, half-buried in moss	stem			(1-6,12)	apothecium is saprobic on dead, half-buried in moss stem
stem (dead)	dead stem may house nest	Heriades rubicola	Small-headed Resin Bee	Hymenoptera: Megachilidae	Small-headed resin bee, Heriades rubicola, new to Britain (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)., Cross, I. & Notton, D.G., 2017	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Megachilidae/Heriades rubicola/	Heriades rubicola	small-headed resin bee			nest	Plant / resting place / within	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	stem				nest may be found in dead stem
stem (decayed, dead)	decayed, dead stem is decayed by fruitbody	Crepidotus cesatii	Roundspored Oysterling	Agaricales: Inocybaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Inocybaceae/Crepidotus cesatii/	Crepidotus cesatii	roundspored oysterling			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		decayed, dead	stem				fruitbody is saprobic on decayed, dead stem
stem (decaying)	decaying stem may contain larva	Neocoenorrhinus germanicus	Strawberry Rhynchites	Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae	Orthocerous Weevils, Morris, M.G., 1990	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Rhynchitidae/Neocoenorrhinus germanicus/	Neocoenorrhinus germanicus	strawberry rhynchites			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		decaying	stem				larva feeds within decaying stem
stem (hollow)	hollow stem may house hibernating naked prepupa	Allantus calceatus	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Allantus calceatus/	Allantus calceatus	a sawfly	naked		prepupa	Plant / hibernates / within		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		hollow	stem				naked prepupa hibernates inside hollow stem
stem (live)	live stem has sap sucked by	Sitobion fragariae	Bramble Aphid or Blackberry Aphid	Hemiptera: Aphididae	Aphid Predators, Rotheray, G.E., 1989 Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe, Rotheray, G.E., 1993	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Sitobion (Sitobion) fragariae/	Sitobion (Sitobion) fragariae	bramble aphid or blackberry aphid				Foodplant / sap sucker		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		live	stem		Major		sucks sap of live stem
stolon (decaying)	decaying stolon may contain larva	Neocoenorrhinus germanicus	Strawberry Rhynchites	Coleoptera: Rhynchitidae	Orthocerous Weevils, Morris, M.G., 1990	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Rhynchitidae/Neocoenorrhinus germanicus/	Neocoenorrhinus germanicus	strawberry rhynchites			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		decaying	stolon				larva feeds within decaying stolon
trunk (dead)	dead trunk is decayed by scattered or on a stroma in groups of 5 to 30 perithecium	Neonectria coccinea	Beech Bark Disease - causative organism	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria coccinea/	Neonectria coccinea	beech bark disease (causative organism)	scattered or on a stroma in groups of 5 to 30		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	trunk			(9-5)	scattered or on a stroma in groups of 5 to 30 perithecium is saprobic on dead trunk
trunk (dead)	dead trunk is decayed by Cylindrocarpon anamorph	Neonectria coccinea	Beech Bark Disease - causative organism	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria coccinea/	Neonectria coccinea	beech bark disease (causative organism)			Cylindrocarpon anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	trunk			(9-5)	Cylindrocarpon anamorph is saprobic on dead trunk
trunk (dead)	dead trunk is decayed by erumpent stroma	Neonectria coccinea	Beech Bark Disease - causative organism	Hypocreales: Nectriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Nectriaceae/Neonectria coccinea/	Neonectria coccinea	beech bark disease (causative organism)	erumpent		stroma	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	trunk			(9-5)	erumpent stroma is saprobic on dead trunk
trunk (thickly encrusted)	thickly encrusted trunk has sap sucked by	Pseudaulacaspis pentagona	White Peach Scale	Hemiptera: Diaspididae	CSL Pest Risk Analysis for Pseudaulacaspis pentagona, MacLeod, A., 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Diaspididae/Pseudaulacaspis pentagona/	Pseudaulacaspis pentagona	white peach scale				Foodplant / sap sucker	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		thickly encrusted	trunk				sucks sap of thickly encrusted trunk
twig	twig is decayed by immersed, grouped in circles perithecium	Cytospora populina	a valsoid pyrenomycete	Diaporthales: Valsaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Cytospora populina/	Cytospora populina	a valsoid pyrenomycete	immersed, grouped in circles		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			twig			(10-5)	immersed, grouped in circles perithecium is saprobic on twig
twig	twig is decayed by subgregarious to densely scattered, covered then erumpent, blackish grey with paler roundish flat disc stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Cytospora populina	a valsoid pyrenomycete	Diaporthales: Valsaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Valsaceae/Cytospora populina/	Cytospora populina	a valsoid pyrenomycete	subgregarious to densely scattered, covered then erumpent, blackish grey with paler roundish flat disc	stroma	Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			twig			(10-5)	subgregarious to densely scattered, covered then erumpent, blackish grey with paler roundish flat disc stroma of Cytospora coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on twig
twig (dead, fallen)	dead, fallen twig is decayed by stalked apothecium	Hymenoscyphus calyculus	a discomycete	Helotiales: Helotiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Hymenoscyphus calyculus/	Hymenoscyphus calyculus	a discomycete	stalked		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead, fallen	twig			(6-12)	stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen twig
twig (dead)	dead twig is decayed by effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph	Sporidesmium goidanichii	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Sporidesmium goidanichii/	Sporidesmium goidanichii	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	twig				effuse colony of Sporidesmium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead)	dead twig is decayed by erumpent, clustered, short-stalked apothecium	Pezizella vulgaris	a discomycete	Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Pezizella vulgaris/	Pezizella vulgaris	a discomycete	erumpent, clustered, short-stalked		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	twig			(7-12)	erumpent, clustered, short-stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead)	dead twig is decayed by effuse colony of Phragmocephala dematiaceous anamorph	Phragmocephala elliptica	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Phragmocephala elliptica/	Phragmocephala elliptica	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Phragmocephala dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	twig			(4-10)	effuse colony of Phragmocephala dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
twig (fallen)	fallen twig is decayed by clustered, subiculate pseudothecium	Herpotrichia macrotricha	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Melanommataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Melanommataceae/Herpotrichia macrotricha/	Herpotrichia macrotricha	an ascomycete	clustered, subiculate		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		fallen	twig		Minor	(10-4)	clustered, subiculate pseudothecium is saprobic on fallen twig
twig (hollow)	hollow twig may house hibernating naked prepupa	Allantus rufocinctus	a sawfly	Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b), Benson, R.B., 1952	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Tenthredinidae/Allantus rufocinctus/	Allantus rufocinctus	a sawfly	naked		prepupa	Plant / hibernates / within		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		hollow	twig				naked prepupa hibernates inside hollow twig
wood (stem) (dead, dry)	dead, dry wood (stem) may contain larva	Gracilia minuta	Basket Longhorn Beetle	Coleoptera: Cerambycidae	Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 2, Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2007	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Cerambycidae/Gracilia minuta/	Gracilia minuta	basket longhorn beetle			larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead, dry	wood (stem)				larva feeds within dead, dry wood (stem)
wood	wood is decayed by immersed, often loosely grouped perithecium	Diaporthe eres	a pyrenomycete	Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe eres/	Diaporthe eres	a pyrenomycete	immersed, often loosely grouped		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			wood				immersed, often loosely grouped perithecium is saprobic on wood
wood	wood is decayed by immersed perithecium	Diaporthe rudis	a pyrenomycete	Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe rudis/	Diaporthe rudis	a pyrenomycete	immersed		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			wood				immersed perithecium is saprobic on wood
wood	wood is decayed by effuse colony of Virgaria dematiaceous anamorph	Virgaria nigra	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Xylariales: Xylariaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Xylariaceae/Virgaria nigra/	Virgaria nigra	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Virgaria dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries			wood				effuse colony of Virgaria dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on wood
wood (Armillaria mellea-decayed)	Armillaria mellea-decayed wood is decayed by superficial perithecium	Lasiosphaeria ovina	Woolly Woodwart	Sordariales: Lasiosphaeriaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Sordariales/Lasiosphaeriaceae/Lasiosphaeria ovina/	Lasiosphaeria ovina	woolly woodwart	superficial		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		Armillaria mellea-decayed	wood			(9-4)	superficial perithecium is saprobic on Armillaria mellea-decayed wood
wood (dead, decayed)	dead, decayed wood is decayed by apothecium	Karstenia idaei	a discomycete	Rhytismatales	A new species of Karstenia on Deschampsia caespitosa from North Argyll, Scotland (NBR 163), Wilberforce, P.W., 1999	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Rhytismatales/Karstenia idaei/	Karstenia idaei	a discomycete			apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead, decayed	wood				apothecium is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph	Camposporium pellucidum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Camposporium pellucidum/	Camposporium pellucidum	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	wood				effuse colony of Camposporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by sessile apothecium	Mollisia cinerea	Common Grey Disco	Helotiales: Dermateaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Mollisia cinerea/	Mollisia cinerea	common grey disco	sessile		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	wood			(1-12)	sessile apothecium is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by sessile apothecium	Mollisia melaleuca	a discomycete	Helotiales: Dermateaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Mollisia melaleuca/	Mollisia melaleuca	a discomycete	sessile		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	wood			(10-5)	sessile apothecium is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by effuse colony of Pseudospiropes dematiaceous anamorph	Strossmayeria atriseda	a discomycete	Helotiales: Helotiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Strossmayeria atriseda/	Strossmayeria atriseda	a discomycete	effuse	colony	Pseudospiropes dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	wood				effuse colony of Pseudospiropes dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by colony of Menispora dematiaceous anamorph	Menispora ciliata	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Chaetosphaeriales: Chaetosphaeriaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Chaetosphaeriales/Chaetosphaeriaceae/Menispora ciliata/	Menispora ciliata	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Menispora dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	wood				colony of Menispora dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead wood
wood (dead)	dead wood is decayed by immersed perithecium	Diaporthe pardalota	a pyrenomycete	Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe pardalota/	Diaporthe pardalota	a pyrenomycete	immersed		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		dead	wood			(1-8)	immersed perithecium is saprobic on dead wood
wood (decorticate)	decorticate wood is decayed by usually immersed pseudothecium	Lophiostoma compressum	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Lophiostomataceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Lophiostomataceae/Lophiostoma compressum/	Lophiostoma compressum	an ascomycete	usually immersed		pseudothecium	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		decorticate	wood			(10-2)	usually immersed pseudothecium is saprobic on decorticate wood
wood (rotten)	rotten wood is decayed by effuse colony of Dictyosporium dematiaceous anamorph	Dictyosporium toruloides	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Dictyosporium toruloides/	Dictyosporium toruloides	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	effuse	colony	Dictyosporium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		rotten	wood			(1-12)	effuse colony of Dictyosporium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on rotten wood
wood (rotten)	rotten wood is decayed by solitary or in small groups, erumpent bcoming more or less superficial ascocarp	Capronia pleiospora	an ascomycete	Chaetothyriales: Herpotrichiellaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Chaetothyriales/Herpotrichiellaceae/Capronia pleiospora/	Capronia pleiospora	an ascomycete	solitary or in small groups, erumpent bcoming more or less superficial		ascocarp	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rubus/	Rubus	brambles, blackberries and raspberries		rotten	wood				solitary or in small groups, erumpent bcoming more or less superficial ascocarp is saprobic on rotten wood

Subtaxon	Rank	Featured subtaxa	No of interactions	No of references
Rubus arcticus Arctic Bramble	Species		1 trophisms
Rubus armeniacus Giant Blackberry	Microspecies		1 trophisms
Rubus caesius Dewberry	Species		14 trophisms
Rubus canadensis Thornless Blackberry	Microspecies		1 trophisms
Rubus cantabrigiensis a bramble	Species			1 references
Rubus chamaemorus Cloudberry	Species		1 trophisms	1 references
Rubus cissburiensis a bramble	Microspecies		1 trophisms
Rubus fruticosus agg. brambles, blackberries	Species aggregate	1 subtaxa	189 trophisms	1 references
Rubus idaeus Raspberry	Species		95 trophisms
Rubus idaeus x vitifolius loganberry	Species hybrid		28 trophisms
Rubus laciniatus Cut-leaf Bramble, Parsley-leaved Blackberry, Parsley-leaved Bramble	Microspecies		8 trophisms
Rubus nemorosus a bramble	Microspecies		1 trophisms
Rubus parviflorus Thimbleberry	Species		1 trophisms
Rubus plicatus Plaited-leaved Bramble	Microspecies		1 trophisms
Rubus saxatilis Stone Bramble	Species		4 trophisms	1 references
Rubus spectabilis Salmonberry	Species		1 trophisms
Rubus sulcatus a bramble	Microspecies		1 trophisms
Rubus tuberculatus a bramble	Microspecies		1 trophisms
Rubus ulmifolius a bramble	Microspecies		1 trophisms
Rubus ursinus Boysenberry	Species		1 trophisms

Genus	Rubus (brambles, blackberries and raspberries)
Family	ROSACEAE (roses and fruit trees)
Order	ROSALES (roses, elms, nettles, hops, buckthorns and figs)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Edees, E.S. & Newton, A.	1988	Brambles of the British Isles	Vol 158, The Ray Society, London
()	Watson, W.C.R.	1958	Handbook of the Rubi of Great Britain and Ireland	274pp, Cambridge University Press

Rubus L.
(brambles, blackberries and raspberries)

Interactions where Rubus is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Identification Works

General Literature

Pathology

Plant Pathology

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Benson, R.B., 1951	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (a)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(a), 49pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Benson, R.B., 1952	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (b)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(b), 137pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Benson, R.B., 1958	Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (c)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(c), 252pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Braun, U., 1998	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II	Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 2, 493pp, IHW-Verlag
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998	Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants	Collins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Bullock, J.A., 1992	Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations	11a, 24pp, Amateur Entomologists’ Society
Cieslinska, M., 2011	Detection and characterization of phytoplasmas associated with diseases of Rubus spp. in Poland	Journal of Plant Pathology Vol 93 (1): 51-56.
Clark, M.C., 1984	Recording discomycetes in Worcestershire	Bull. Br. mycol. Soc. Vol 18 (2): 121-125.
Cross, I. & Notton, D.G., 2017	Small-headed resin bee, Heriades rubicola, new to Britain (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae).	BR. J. ENT. NAT. HIST. Vol 30: 1-8.
Davies, D.L., 2000	The occurrence of two phytoplasmas associated with stunted Rubus species in the UK	Plant Pathology Vol 49: 86-88.
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Duff, A. (Illust: Lewington, R.), 2007	Identification - Longhorn Beetles: Part 2	British Wildlife Vol 19, No 1: 35-43.
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Fjelddalen, J., 1964	Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962	Norsk. Ent. Tidskr. 12: 259-295.
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Jessop, L., 1986	Dung Beetles and Chafers (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 11, New edition, 53pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
MacLeod, A., 2007	CSL Pest Risk Analysis for Pseudaulacaspis pentagona	PRAs for consultation on pest risk management PRAs for consultation on pest risk management.
Morris, M.G., 1990	Orthocerous Weevils	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5 Part 16, 108pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Nau, B.S., 1984	Notes on the Recording and Identification of Psallus	Het News 4.
Rotheray, G.E., 1989	Aphid Predators	Naturalists' Handbooks, 11, 77pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Rotheray, G.E., 1993	Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe	Diperists Digest No. 9
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959	Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles	Wayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
Spencer, K.A., 1972	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986	Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls	95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)
West, J.S., Hughes, C. & Fox, R.T.V., 2000	Armillaria mellea can infect the perennial weed, Rumex obtusifolius, in the UK	New Disease Reports Vol 1.
Wilberforce, P.W., 1999	A new species of Karstenia on Deschampsia caespitosa from North Argyll, Scotland (NBR 163)	Mycologist Vol 13 (04): 149-150.