[Seaweeds]
(differentiated, multicellular, marine algae)

Interactions where [Seaweeds] is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
		is associate of larva			Kleidotoma subaptera	a small parasitic wasp	Hymenoptera: Figitidae	Hymenoptera Cynipoidea: Eucoilidae, Quinlan, J., 1978	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Figitidae/Kleidotoma subaptera/	Kleidotoma subaptera	a small parasitic wasp				larva	Plant / associate			/Seaweeds/	Seaweeds	differentiated, multicellular, marine algae								larva is associated with
		may have epiphytic			Cradoscrupocellaria reptans	a bryozoan	Cheilostomatida: Candidae	Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe, Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (eds), 1996	/Animalia/Bryozoa/Gymnolaemata/Cheilostomatida/Candidae/Cradoscrupocellaria reptans/	Cradoscrupocellaria reptans	a bryozoan					Plant / epiphyte			/Seaweeds/	Seaweeds	differentiated, multicellular, marine algae								grows on
		may have epiphytic			Electra pilosa	a seamat	Cheilostomatida: Electridae	Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe, Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (eds), 1996 Biology and Identification of Intertidal Polyzoa, Ryland, J.S., 1962	/Animalia/Bryozoa/Gymnolaemata/Cheilostomatida/Electridae/Electra pilosa/	Electra pilosa	a seamat					Plant / epiphyte			/Seaweeds/	Seaweeds	differentiated, multicellular, marine algae					Major			grows on
		may have epiphytic			Celleporella hyalina	a bryozoan	Cheilostomatida: Hippothoidae	Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe, Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (eds), 1996 Biology and Identification of Intertidal Polyzoa, Ryland, J.S., 1962	/Animalia/Bryozoa/Gymnolaemata/Cheilostomatida/Hippothoidae/Celleporella hyalina/	Celleporella hyalina	a bryozoan					Plant / epiphyte			/Seaweeds/	Seaweeds	differentiated, multicellular, marine algae								grows on
		may have epiphytic			Membranipora membranacea	Sea Mat	Cheilostomatida: Membraniporidae	Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe, Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (eds), 1996 Biology and Identification of Intertidal Polyzoa, Ryland, J.S., 1962	/Animalia/Bryozoa/Gymnolaemata/Cheilostomatida/Membraniporidae/Membranipora membranacea/	Membranipora membranacea	sea mat					Plant / epiphyte			/Seaweeds/	Seaweeds	differentiated, multicellular, marine algae					Sole			grows on
		may have epiphytic			Schizoporella unicornis	a bryozoan	Cheilostomatida: Schizoporellidae	Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe, Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (eds), 1996	/Animalia/Bryozoa/Gymnolaemata/Cheilostomatida/Schizoporellidae/Schizoporella unicornis/	Schizoporella unicornis	a bryozoan					Plant / epiphyte			/Seaweeds/	Seaweeds	differentiated, multicellular, marine algae					Rare			grows on
		may have epiphytic			Alcyonidium gelatinosum	a bryozoan	Ctenostomatida: Alcyonidiidae	Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe, Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (eds), 1996 Biology and Identification of Intertidal Polyzoa, Ryland, J.S., 1962	/Animalia/Bryozoa/Gymnolaemata/Ctenostomatida/Alcyonidiidae/Alcyonidium gelatinosum/	Alcyonidium gelatinosum	a bryozoan					Plant / epiphyte			/Seaweeds/	Seaweeds	differentiated, multicellular, marine algae								grows on
		may have epiphytic			Alcyonidium hirsutum	a bryozoan	Ctenostomatida: Alcyonidiidae	Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe, Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (eds), 1996 Biology and Identification of Intertidal Polyzoa, Ryland, J.S., 1962	/Animalia/Bryozoa/Gymnolaemata/Ctenostomatida/Alcyonidiidae/Alcyonidium hirsutum/	Alcyonidium hirsutum	a bryozoan					Plant / epiphyte			/Seaweeds/	Seaweeds	differentiated, multicellular, marine algae								grows on
		may have epiphytic			Flustrellidra hispida	a bryozoan	Ctenostomatida: Flustrellidridae	Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe, Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (eds), 1996 Biology and Identification of Intertidal Polyzoa, Ryland, J.S., 1962	/Animalia/Bryozoa/Gymnolaemata/Ctenostomatida/Flustrellidridae/Flustrellidra hispida/	Flustrellidra hispida	a bryozoan					Plant / epiphyte			/Seaweeds/	Seaweeds	differentiated, multicellular, marine algae					Sole			grows on
		may have epiphytic			Amathia lendigera	a bryozoan	Ctenostomatida: Vesiculariidae	Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe, Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (eds), 1996	/Animalia/Bryozoa/Gymnolaemata/Ctenostomatida/Vesiculariidae/Amathia lendigera/	Amathia lendigera	a bryozoan					Plant / epiphyte			/Seaweeds/	Seaweeds	differentiated, multicellular, marine algae								grows on
		may have epiphytic			Bowerbankia imbricata	a bryozoan	Ctenostomatida: Vesiculariidae	Biology and Identification of Intertidal Polyzoa, Ryland, J.S., 1962	/Animalia/Bryozoa/Gymnolaemata/Ctenostomatida/Vesiculariidae/Bowerbankia imbricata/	Bowerbankia imbricata	a bryozoan					Plant / epiphyte			/Seaweeds/	Seaweeds	differentiated, multicellular, marine algae								grows on
		may have epiphytic			Walkeria uva	a bryozoan	Ctenostomatida: Walkeriidae	Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe, Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (eds), 1996 Biology and Identification of Intertidal Polyzoa, Ryland, J.S., 1962	/Animalia/Bryozoa/Gymnolaemata/Ctenostomatida/Walkeriidae/Walkeria uva/	Walkeria uva	a bryozoan					Plant / epiphyte			/Seaweeds/	Seaweeds	differentiated, multicellular, marine algae					Major			grows on
		is grazed by			Eatonina fulgida	a prosobranch snail	Littorinimorpha: Cingulopsidae	British Prosobranch and other operculate gastropod molluscs, Graham, A., 1971	/Animalia/Mollusca/Gastropoda/Littorinimorpha/Cingulopsidae/Eatonina fulgida/	Eatonina fulgida	a prosobranch snail					Foodplant / open feeder			/Seaweeds/	Seaweeds	differentiated, multicellular, marine algae								grazes on
		is grazed by			LITTORINIDAE	periwinkles	Littorinimorpha	British Prosobranch and other operculate gastropod molluscs, Graham, A., 1971	/Animalia/Mollusca/Gastropoda/Littorinimorpha/Littorinidae/	Littorinidae	periwinkles					Foodplant / open feeder			/Seaweeds/	Seaweeds	differentiated, multicellular, marine algae					Minor			grazes on
		is grazed by			LACUNIDAE	chink shells	Mesogastropoda	British Prosobranch and other operculate gastropod molluscs, Graham, A., 1971	/Animalia/Mollusca/Gastropoda/Mesogastropoda/Lacunidae/	Lacunidae	chink shells					Foodplant / open feeder			/Seaweeds/	Seaweeds	differentiated, multicellular, marine algae								grazes on
frond (wet, decaying)		wet, decaying frond is decayed by larva			Eristalinus aeneus	a hoverfly	Diptera: Syrphidae	Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe, Rotheray, G.E., 1993	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Syrphidae/Eristalinus aeneus/	Eristalinus aeneus	a hoverfly				larva	Foodplant / saprobe			/Seaweeds/	Seaweeds	differentiated, multicellular, marine algae		wet, decaying	frond					larva is saprobic on wet, decaying frond
thallus (moribund, washed up, moist)		moribund, washed up, moist thallus is decayed by Scolecobasidium anamorph			Scolecobasidium salinum	a marine anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Notes on some Marine Fungi, Wilson, I.M., 1951	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Scolecobasidium salinum/	Scolecobasidium salinum	a marine anamorphic fungus				Scolecobasidium anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Seaweeds/	Seaweeds	differentiated, multicellular, marine algae		moribund, washed up, moist	thallus					Scolecobasidium anamorph is saprobic on moribund, washed up, moist thallus

Author & Year	Title	Source
Graham, A., 1971	British Prosobranch and other operculate gastropod molluscs	Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series), 2, ed 1 edition, 112pp, The Linnean Society of London
Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (eds), 1996	Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe	reprint with minor corrections edition, 800pp, Oxford University Press
Quinlan, J., 1978	Hymenoptera Cynipoidea: Eucoilidae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 8. Part 1b, 58pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Rotheray, G.E., 1993	Colour Guide to Hoverfly Larvae (Diptera, Syrphidae) in Britain and Europe	Diperists Digest No. 9
Ryland, J.S., 1962	Biology and Identification of Intertidal Polyzoa	Field Studies 1(4): 33-51.
Wilson, I.M., 1951	Notes on some Marine Fungi	TBMS Vol 34 (4): 540-543.

Subtaxon				Rank	Featured subtaxa	No of interactions	No of references
PHAEOPHYCEAE brown seaweeds				Class	15 subtaxa	75 trophisms	20 references
RHODOPHYTA red seaweeds				Phylum	19 subtaxa	17 trophisms	49 references
ULVOPHYCEAE a class of green algae				Class	10 subtaxa	34 trophisms	3 references

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Informal	[Seaweeds] (differentiated, multicellular, marine algae)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Identification Works

	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Anon.		The Marine Life Information Network for Britain and Ireland (MarLIN)	www.marlin.ac.uk/gallerycategory.php?gcatid=8
	Anon.		British Isles Seaweed Images	www.weedseen.co.uk/
	Brightman, F.H. & Nicholson, B.E.	1966	The Oxford Book of Flowerless Plants	The Oxford Books, 208pp, Oxford University Press
in the hand ()	Bunker, F., Brodie, J., Maggs, C. & Bunker, A.	2010	Seasearch Guide to Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland	SeaSearch guides, Marine Conservation Society
in the hand	Dickinson, C.I.	1963	British Seaweeds	The Kew Series, 232pp, Eyre & Spottiswoode
	Fish, J.D. & Fish, S.	2011	A Student's Guide to the Seashore	3rd edition, Cambridge University Press
in the field (in the hand)	Gibson, R., Hextall, B. & Rogers, A.	2001	Photographic Guide to the Sea & Shore Life of Britain & North-west Europe	Oxford Natural History, 436pp, Oxford University Press
	Goff, T., le		Biodiversity des algues marines et de la fauna marine des cotes francaises: Manche et Atlantique	www.marevita.org/index.php?option=accueil
	Guiry, M.		algaebase	www.algaebase.org
	Picton, B.E. & Morrow, C.C.		Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland	www.habitas.org.uk/marinelife/
in the hand ()	Trewella, S. & Hatcher, J.	2015	The Essential Guide to Beachcombing and the Strandline	304pp, Wild Nature Press
	Wells, E.	2009	A Field Guide to the British Seaweeds	112pp
	Wood, C.	2007	Seasearch Observer's Guide to Marine Life of Britain and Ireland	SeaSearch guides, Marine Conservation Society
Brown Seaweeds
in the field ()	Hiscock, S.	1979	A Field Key to the British Brown Seaweeds	AIDGAP, 125, 43pp, Field Studies Council
Green Seaweeds
	Brodie, J., Maggs, C.A. & John, D.M. (eds)	2007	Green Seaweeds of Britain and Ireland	242pp, The British Phycological Society
Red Seaweeds
()	Hiscock, S.	1986	A Field Key to the British Red Seaweeds	AIDGAP, 13, 101pp, Field Studies Council

[Seaweeds] (differentiated, multicellular, marine algae) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

General Literature

Beginner's Guide to Seaweeds

The Species Directory of the Marine Fauna and Flora of the British Isles and Surrounding Seas

Provisional atlas of the marine algae of Britain & Ireland

Aliens

Capturing the aliens. Using herbarium specimens to track the arrival and spread of non-native seaweeds in the UK and Ireland

Code

International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants (ICN)

Journals

Australian Systematic Botany

The Phycologist

Bibliotheca Phycologica

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to [Seaweeds] (differentiated, multicellular, marine algae):

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Creative Commons License

This website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence.

Unless otherwise expressly stated, all original material on the BioInfo website by Malcolm Storey is licensed under the above Creative Commons Licence.

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)