Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758)
(Common Toad)

Interactions where Bufo bufo is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is endoparasitised by larva Minor Lucilia ampullacea Streakless Greenbottle Diptera: Calliphoridae Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and Calliphoridae, van Emden, F.I.,, 1954
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Calliphoridae/Lucilia ampullacea/Lucilia ampullaceastreakless greenbottlelarva Animal / parasite / endoparasite /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadMinor larva endoparasitises
dung dung accommodates first stage larva UK/Ireland Rhabdias bufonis a nematode The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Animalia/Nematoda/Rhabdiasoidea/Rhabdias bufonis/Rhabdias bufonisa nematodefirst stage larva Animal / resting place / withinUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toaddung first stage larva rests inside dung
dung dung accommodates cyst UK/Ireland Entamoeba ranarum an amoeba The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Protozoa/Sarcodina/Entamoeba ranarum/Entamoeba ranaruman amoebacyst Animal / resting place / withinUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toaddung cyst rests inside dung
gut gut is endoparasitised by first stage larva UK/Ireland Rhabdias bufonis a nematode The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Animalia/Nematoda/Rhabdiasoidea/Rhabdias bufonis/Rhabdias bufonisa nematodefirst stage larva Animal / parasite / endoparasiteUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadgut first stage larva endoparasitises gut
intestine intestine is endoparasitised by UK/Ireland Balantidium elongatum a ciliate Heterotrichida The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Chromista/Ciliophora/Heterotrichea/Heterotrichida/Balantidium elongatum/Balantidium elongatuma ciliate Animal / parasite / endoparasiteUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadintestine endoparasitises intestine
intestine intestine is endoparasitised by UK/Ireland Trichomonas batrachorum a trichomonad The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Protozoa/Mastigophora (Class)/Trichomonas batrachorum/Trichomonas batrachoruma trichomonad Animal / parasite / endoparasiteUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadintestine endoparasitises intestine
intestine intestine is endoparasitised by trophozoite UK/Ireland Entamoeba ranarum an amoeba The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Protozoa/Sarcodina/Entamoeba ranarum/Entamoeba ranaruman amoebatrophozoite Animal / parasite / endoparasiteUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadintestine trophozoite endoparasitises intestine
large intestine large intestine accommodates UK/Ireland Aplectana a genus of nematodes The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Animalia/Nematoda/Oxyuroidea/Aplectana/Aplectanaa genus of nematodes Animal / resting place / withinUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadlarge intestine rests inside large intestine
large intestine large intestine accommodates UK/Ireland Cosmocerca a genus of nematodes The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Animalia/Nematoda/Oxyuroidea/Cosmocerca/Cosmocercaa genus of nematodes Animal / resting place / withinUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadlarge intestine rests inside large intestine
lung lung is endoparasitised by adult UK/Ireland Rhabdias bufonis a nematode The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Animalia/Nematoda/Rhabdiasoidea/Rhabdias bufonis/Rhabdias bufonisa nematodeadult Animal / parasite / endoparasiteUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadlung adult endoparasitises lung
lung lung is endoparasitised by first stage larva UK/Ireland Rhabdias bufonis a nematode The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Animalia/Nematoda/Rhabdiasoidea/Rhabdias bufonis/Rhabdias bufonisa nematodefirst stage larva Animal / parasite / endoparasiteUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadlung first stage larva endoparasitises lung
rectum rectum is endoparasitised by UK/Ireland Balantidium duodeni a ciliate Heterotrichida The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Chromista/Ciliophora/Heterotrichea/Heterotrichida/Balantidium duodeni/Balantidium duodenia ciliate Animal / parasite / endoparasiteUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadrectum endoparasitises rectum
rectum rectum is endoparasitised by UK/Ireland Balantidium elongatum a ciliate Heterotrichida The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Chromista/Ciliophora/Heterotrichea/Heterotrichida/Balantidium elongatum/Balantidium elongatuma ciliate Animal / parasite / endoparasiteUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadrectum endoparasitises rectum
rectum rectum is endoparasitised by UK/Ireland Balantidium entozoon a ciliate Heterotrichida The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Chromista/Ciliophora/Heterotrichea/Heterotrichida/Balantidium entozoon/Balantidium entozoona ciliate Animal / parasite / endoparasiteUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadrectum endoparasitises rectum
rectum rectum is endoparasitised by UK/Ireland Nyctotherus cordiformis a ciliate protozoan The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Protozoa/Nyctotherus cordiformis/Nyctotherus cordiformisa ciliate protozoan Animal / parasite / endoparasiteUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadrectum endoparasitises rectum
rectum rectum is endoparasitised by UK/Ireland Hexamita intestinalis a flagellate The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Protozoa/Mastigophora (Class)/Hexamita intestinalis/Hexamita intestinalisa flagellate Animal / parasite / endoparasiteUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadrectum endoparasitises rectum
rectum rectum is endoparasitised by UK/Ireland Monocercomonas bufonis a mastigophore The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Protozoa/Mastigophora (Class)/Monocercomonas bufonis/Monocercomonas bufonisa mastigophore Animal / parasite / endoparasiteUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadrectum endoparasitises rectum
rectum rectum is endoparasitised by UK/Ireland Opalina ranarum a mastigophore The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Protozoa/Mastigophora (Class)/Opalina ranarum/Opalina ranaruma mastigophore Animal / parasite / endoparasiteUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadrectum endoparasitises rectum
rectum rectum is endoparasitised by UK/Ireland Trichomonas batrachorum a trichomonad The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Protozoa/Mastigophora (Class)/Trichomonas batrachorum/Trichomonas batrachoruma trichomonad Animal / parasite / endoparasiteUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadrectum endoparasitises rectum
rectum rectum is endoparasitised by trophozoite UK/Ireland Entamoeba ranarum an amoeba The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Protozoa/Sarcodina/Entamoeba ranarum/Entamoeba ranaruman amoebatrophozoite Animal / parasite / endoparasiteUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadrectum trophozoite endoparasitises rectum
rectum rectum accommodates cyst UK/Ireland Entamoeba ranarum an amoeba The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Protozoa/Sarcodina/Entamoeba ranarum/Entamoeba ranaruman amoebacyst Animal / resting place / withinUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadrectum cyst rests inside rectum
rectum rectum accommodates oocyst UK/Ireland Eimeria a genus of sporozoans Sporozoa The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Protozoa/Sporozoa/Eimeria/Eimeriaa genus of sporozoansoocyst Animal / resting place / withinUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadrectum oocyst rests inside rectum
small intestine small intestine is endoparasitised by adult UK/Ireland Acanthocephalus ranae a thorny-headed worm The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Animalia/Acanthocephala/Acanthocephalus ranae/Acanthocephalus ranaea thorny-headed wormadult Animal / parasite / endoparasiteUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadsmall intestine adult endoparasitises small intestine
small intestine small intestine is endoparasitised by UK/Ireland Oswaldocruzia filiformis a nematode The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Animalia/Nematoda/Trichostrongyloidea/Oswaldocruzia filiformis/Oswaldocruzia filiformisa nematode Animal / parasite / endoparasiteUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Chordata/Amphibia/Anura/Bufonidae/Bufo bufo/Bufo bufocommon toadsmall intestine endoparasitises small intestine

Author & YearTitleSource
Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on ParasitesField Studies 3: 681-718.
van Emden, F.I.,, 1954Diptera: Cyclorrhapha Calyptrata (I) Sect (a) Tachinidae and CalliphoridaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 4(a), 133pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

Bufo bufo (Common Toad) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesBufo bufo (Common Toad)
GenusBufo (a genus of amphibians)
FamilyBUFONIDAE (toads)
OrderANURA (frogs and toads, and their tadpoles)
ClassAMPHIBIA (amphibians)
SuperclassGNATHOSTOMATA (jawed craniates)
SubphylumVERTEBRATA (vertebrates)
PhylumCHORDATA (vertebrates)
SuperphylumDEUTEROSTOMIA (deuterostomes)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Bufo bufo (Common Toad)

Identification Works

Handling & MagnificationAuthorYearTitleSource
Revels, R. 2004 Common Toad in defence posture Vol 16, No 1 Page: 52

Bufo bufo (Common Toad) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Young, S.L. & Beebee, T.J.C. 2004 An investigation of recent declines in the common toad Bufo bufo Research Reports EN Report no 584.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Bufo bufo (Common Toad):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 20 images of Bufo bufo (Common Toad)
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