LARIDAE
(sea gulls)

Interactions where LARIDAE is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is endoparasitised by fluke Diplostomum gasterostei a fluke Diplostomida: Diplostomidae Parasites of Trout and Perch in Malham Tarn, Kennedy, C.R. & Burrough, R.J., 1978
 /Animalia/Platyhelminthes/Trematoda/Diplostomida/Diplostomidae/Diplostomum gasterostei/Diplostomum gasterosteia flukefluke Animal / parasite / endoparasite /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Charadriiformes/Laridae/Laridaesea gulls fluke endoparasitises
gut gut is endoparasitised by tapeworm Diphyllobothrium dendriticum a tapeworm Diphyllobothriidea: Diphyllobothriidae Parasites of Trout and Perch in Malham Tarn, Kennedy, C.R. & Burrough, R.J., 1978
 /Animalia/Platyhelminthes/Cestoda/Diphyllobothriidea/Diphyllobothriidae/Diphyllobothrium dendriticum/Diphyllobothrium dendriticuma tapewormtapeworm Animal / parasite / endoparasite /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Charadriiformes/Laridae/Laridaesea gullsgut tapeworm endoparasitises gut
gut gut is ectoparasitised by adult Schistocephalus solidus a tapeworm Diphyllobothriidea: Diphyllobothriidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Platyhelminthes/Cestoda/Diphyllobothriidea/Diphyllobothriidae/Schistocephalus solidus/Schistocephalus solidusa tapewormadult Animal / parasite / ectoparasite /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Charadriiformes/Laridae/Laridaesea gullsgut adult ectoparasitises gut
intestine intestine is endoparasitised by adult Diplostomum a genus of flukes Diplostomida: Diplostomidae Identification of Animal Parasites, Avery, R.A., 1974
 /Animalia/Platyhelminthes/Trematoda/Diplostomida/Diplostomidae/Diplostomum/Diplostomuma genus of flukesadult Animal / parasite / endoparasite /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Charadriiformes/Laridae/Laridaesea gullsintestine adult endoparasitises intestine
small intestine small intestine is endoparasitised by fluke Diplostomum spathaceum a fluke Diplostomida: Diplostomidae Parasites of Trout and Perch in Malham Tarn, Kennedy, C.R. & Burrough, R.J., 1978
 /Animalia/Platyhelminthes/Trematoda/Diplostomida/Diplostomidae/Diplostomum spathaceum/Diplostomum spathaceuma flukefluke Animal / parasite / endoparasite /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Charadriiformes/Laridae/Laridaesea gullssmall intestine fluke endoparasitises small intestine
small intestine small intestine is endoparasitised by fluke Cryptocotyle lingua a fluke Plagiorchiida: Heterophyidae The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Animalia/Platyhelminthes/Trematoda/Plagiorchiida/Heterophyidae/Cryptocotyle lingua/Cryptocotyle linguaa flukefluke Animal / parasite / endoparasite /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Charadriiformes/Laridae/Laridaesea gullssmall intestine fluke endoparasitises small intestine
small intestine small intestine is endoparasitised by fluke Cryptocotyle lingua a fluke Plagiorchiida: Heterophyidae The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on Parasites, Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973
 /Animalia/Platyhelminthes/Trematoda/Plagiorchiida/Heterophyidae/Cryptocotyle lingua/Cryptocotyle linguaa flukefluke Animal / parasite / endoparasite /Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Charadriiformes/Laridae/Laridaesea gullssmall intestine fluke endoparasitises small intestine

Author & YearTitleSource
Avery, R.A., 1974Identification of Animal ParasitesHulton Group Keys, 182pp, Hulton Educational Publications Ltd.
Canning, E.U., Cox, F.E.G., Croll, N.A. & Lyons, K.M., 1973The Natural History of Slapton Ley Nature Reserve: VI Studies on ParasitesField Studies 3: 681-718.
Kennedy, C.R. & Burrough, R.J., 1978Parasites of Trout and Perch in Malham TarnField Studies 4: 617-629.

LARIDAE (sea gulls) may be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

LARIDAE (sea gulls) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa		 No of
interactions		 No of
references
Chroicocephalus
a genus of birds
Genus 1 subtaxa 1 trophisms
Larus
gulls, sea gulls, seagulls
Genus 1 subtaxa 5 trophisms
Rissa tridactyla
Kittiwake, Black-legged Kittiwake
Species 1 references
Sterna
terns
Genus 1 subtaxa 1 references
Thalasseus
a genus of birds
Genus 1 subtaxa 1 references
Taxonomic hierarchy:
FamilyLARIDAE (sea gulls)
OrderCHARADRIIFORMES (plovers and sea birds)
ClassAVES (birds)
SuperclassTETRAPODA (a superclass of unassigneds)
PhylumCHORDATA (vertebrates)
SuperphylumDEUTEROSTOMIA (deuterostomes)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for LARIDAE (sea gulls)

LARIDAE (sea gulls) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to LARIDAE (sea gulls):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 227 images of LARIDAE (sea gulls)
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