Littorina Férussac, 1822
(periwinkles)

Littorina (periwinkles) may be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Littorina (periwinkles) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa		 No of
interactions		 No of
references
Littorina fabalis
Flat Periwinkle
Species 2 references
Littorina littorea
Common Periwinkle, Edible Periwinkle, Winkle
Species 1 trophisms 3 references
Littorina obtusata
Flat Periwinkle
Species 3 references
Littorina obtusata/fabalis
a species aggregate of molluscs
Species aggregate 2 references
Littorina saxatilis/arcana
rough periwinkle
Species aggregate 1 references
[Littorina saxatilis agg.]
rough periwinkles
Informal 2 references
Taxonomic hierarchy:
GenusLittorina (periwinkles)
SubfamilyLITTORININAE (a subfamily of molluscs)
FamilyLITTORINIDAE (periwinkles)
SuperfamilyLITTORINOIDEA (a superfamily of molluscs)
OrderLITTORINIMORPHA (an order of operculate snails and whelks)
SubclassCAENOGASTROPODA (a subclass of molluscs)
ClassGASTROPODA (slugs and snails)
PhylumMOLLUSCA (slugs, snails, bivalves, octopus, sea slugs)
SuperphylumLOPHOTROCHOZOA (molluscs and relatives)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Littorina (periwinkles)

Identification Works

Handling & MagnificationAuthorYearTitleSource
() James, B.L. 1968 *** The Distribution and Keys to Species in the Family Littorinidae and of their Digenean Parasites in the Region of Dale, Pembrokeshire ***(Superseded) Field Studies, 46pp, Field Studies Council

Littorina (periwinkles) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Zahradnik, T.D., Lemay, M.A. & Boulding, E.G. 2008 Choosy males in a littorinid gastropod: male Littorina subrotundata prefer large and virgin females J. Mollus. Stud. Vol 74: 245-251.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Littorina (periwinkles):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 58 images of Littorina (periwinkles)
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