Aesculus hippocastanum L.
(Horse Chestnut, Horse-chestnut)

Interactions where Aesculus hippocastanum is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is foodplant of erumpent Diplodia coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Diplodia aesculi a coelomycete Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Botryosphaeriaceae/Diplodia aesculi/Diplodia aesculia coelomyceteerumpentDiplodia coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnut erumpent Diplodia coelomycetous anamorph feeds on
is decayed by superficial stroma UK/IrelandRare Daldinia concentrica King Alfred’s Cake, Cramp-ball Xylariales: Xylariaceae Daldinia concentrica versus Daldinia vernicosa, Whalley, A.J.S. & Watling, R., 1980
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Xylariaceae/Daldinia concentrica/Daldinia concentricaKing Alfred’s cake, cramp-ballsuperficialstroma Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutRare superficial stroma is saprobic on
branch UK/Ireland branch is decayed by gregarious, covered by blackened, raised epidermis pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Diaporthe coneglanensis a pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe coneglanensis/Diaporthe coneglanensisa pyrenomycetegregarious, covered by blackened, raised epidermispycnidiumPhomopsis coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutbranch (5,10)gregarious, covered by blackened, raised epidermis pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on branch
branch branch is parasitised by haustorium UK/Ireland Viscum album Mistletoe Santalales: Santalaceae Mistletoe - distribution, biology and the National Survey, Briggs, J., 1995
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Santalales/Santalaceae/Viscum album/Viscum albummistletoehaustorium Foodplant / hemiparasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutbranch haustorium is hemiparasitic on branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by immersed, in groups of 2-5 perithecium Plagiostoma aesculi a pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Gnomoniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Gnomoniaceae/Plagiostoma aesculi/Plagiostoma aesculia pyrenomyceteimmersed, in groups of 2-5perithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutdeadbranch (11-3)immersed, in groups of 2-5 perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by pycnidium of Diplodina coelomycetous anamorph Plagiostoma aesculi a pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Gnomoniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Gnomoniaceae/Plagiostoma aesculi/Plagiostoma aesculia pyrenomycetepycnidiumDiplodina coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutdeadbranch (11-3)pycnidium of Diplodina coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead branch
leaf (dead, fallen, over-wintered) dead, fallen, over-wintered leaf is decayed by pseudothecium UK/IrelandMajor Guignardia aesculi Horse Chestnut Leaf Blotch - causative organism Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Guignardia leaf blotch of Horsechestnut, Hudson, H.J., 1987
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Guignardia aesculi/Guignardia aesculihorse chestnut leaf blotch - causative organismpseudothecium Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutdead, fallen, over-winteredleafMajor (5)pseudothecium is saprobic on dead, fallen, over-wintered leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is spotted by few, epiphyllous pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Septoria hippocastani a leaf-spot fungus Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria hippocastani/Septoria hippocastania leaf-spot fungusfew, epiphyllouspycnidiumSeptoria coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutdeadleaf few, epiphyllous pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on dead leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is mined by larva Foreign Cameraria ohridella Horse-chestnut Leaf-miner Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae The invasive alien leaf miner Cameraria ohridella and the native tree Acer pseudoplatanus: a fatal attraction?, Pere, C., Augustin, S., Turlings, T.J.C. & Kenis, M., 2010
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Gracillariidae/Cameraria ohridella/Cameraria ohridellahorse-chestnut leaf-minerlarva Foodplant / minerForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutliveleaf larva mines live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by epiphyllous, scattered or crowded pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph UK/IrelandMajor Guignardia aesculi Horse Chestnut Leaf Blotch - causative organism Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Guignardia leaf blotch of Horsechestnut, Hudson, H.J., 1987
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Guignardia aesculi/Guignardia aesculihorse chestnut leaf blotch - causative organismepiphyllous, scattered or crowdedpycnidiumPhyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutliveleafMajor (7-)epiphyllous, scattered or crowded pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by few, epiphyllous pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Septoria hippocastani a leaf-spot fungus Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria hippocastani/Septoria hippocastania leaf-spot fungusfew, epiphyllouspycnidiumSeptoria coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutliveleaf few, epiphyllous pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by UK/Ireland Erysiphe alphitoides Oak Mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae The Horse Chestnut powdery mildew Uncinula flexuosa in Europe (New British Record 210), Ing, B. & Spooner, B., 2002
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Erysiphe alphitoides/Erysiphe alphitoidesoak mildew Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutliveleaf parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by thin, evanescent conidial anamorph UK/Ireland Erysiphe flexuosa a powdery mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae The Horse Chestnut powdery mildew Uncinula flexuosa in Europe (New British Record 210), Ing, B. & Spooner, B., 2002
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Erysiphe flexuosa/Erysiphe flexuosaa powdery mildewthin, evanescentconidial anamorph Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutliveleaf thin, evanescent conidial anamorph parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous cleistothecium UK/Ireland Erysiphe flexuosa a powdery mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae The Horse Chestnut powdery mildew Uncinula flexuosa in Europe (New British Record 210), Ing, B. & Spooner, B., 2002
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Erysiphe flexuosa/Erysiphe flexuosaa powdery mildewhypophyllouscleistothecium Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutliveleaf hypophyllous cleistothecium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous cleistothecium UK/IrelandMinor Phyllactinia guttata s. lat. Hazel Mildew, Hazelnut Powdery Mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
The Horse Chestnut powdery mildew Uncinula flexuosa in Europe (New British Record 210), Ing, B. & Spooner, B., 2002
An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Phyllactinia guttata s. lat./Phyllactinia guttata s. lat.hazel mildew, hazelnut powdery mildewhypophyllouscleistothecium Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutliveleafMinor hypophyllous cleistothecium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous conidial anamorph UK/IrelandMinor Phyllactinia guttata s. lat. Hazel Mildew, Hazelnut Powdery Mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
The Horse Chestnut powdery mildew Uncinula flexuosa in Europe (New British Record 210), Ing, B. & Spooner, B., 2002
An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Phyllactinia guttata s. lat./Phyllactinia guttata s. lat.hazel mildew, hazelnut powdery mildewhypophyllousconidial anamorph Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutliveleafMinor hypophyllous conidial anamorph parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by UK/IrelandMinor Sawadaea bicornis Sycamore Mildew, Maple Mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
The Horse Chestnut powdery mildew Uncinula flexuosa in Europe (New British Record 210), Ing, B. & Spooner, B., 2002
An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Sawadaea bicornis/Sawadaea bicornissycamore mildew, maple mildew Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutliveleafMinor parasitises live leaf
petiole (dead, fallen) UK/Ireland dead, fallen petiole is decayed by gregarious, covered by blackened, raised epidermis pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Diaporthe coneglanensis a pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe coneglanensis/Diaporthe coneglanensisa pyrenomycetegregarious, covered by blackened, raised epidermispycnidiumPhomopsis coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutdead, fallenpetiole (10)gregarious, covered by blackened, raised epidermis pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, fallen petiole
petiole (dead, fallen) dead, fallen petiole is decayed by immersed or erumpent perithecium Ophiognomonia alni-viridis a pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Gnomoniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Gnomoniaceae/Ophiognomonia alni-viridis/Ophiognomonia alni-viridisa pyrenomyceteimmersed or erumpentperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutdead, fallenpetiole (1-6)immersed or erumpent perithecium is saprobic on dead, fallen petiole
sap (exuding) exuding sap may house larva Phaonia cincta a muscid fly Diptera: Muscidae Diptera: Cyclorrapha Calyptrata Sect (b) Muscidae, Fonseca, E.C.M. d’Assis, 1968
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Muscidae/Phaonia cincta/Phaonia cinctaa muscid flylarva Plant / resting place / within /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutexudingsap larva may be found in exuding sap
trunk trunk may be infected and damaged by UK/Ireland Phytophthora cactorum Strawberry Crown Rot - causative organism Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae Path News Issue 3: April 2003, Forest Research, 2003
/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora cactorum/Phytophthora cactorumstrawberry crown rot (causative organism) Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnuttrunk infects and damages trunk
trunk (bleeding, cankered) bleeding, cankered trunk is swollen by mycelium UK/Ireland Phytophthora alni Sudden Oak Death - causative organism, SOD, Phytophthora Disease Of Alder Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae Phytophthora ramorum: one pathogen and many diseases, an emerging threat to forest ecosystems and ornamental plant life, Appiah, A., Jennings, P., & Turner, J.A., 2004
Phytophthora ramorum, the cause of sudden oak death or ramorum leaf blight and dieback, Henricot, B. & Prior, C., 2004
/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Phytophthora alni/Phytophthora alnisudden oak death (causative organism), SOD, phytophthora disease of aldermycelium Foodplant / false gallUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutbleeding, cankeredtrunk mycelium causes swelling of bleeding, cankered trunk
trunk (cankered) cankered trunk of tree may be infected and damaged by colony UK/Ireland Pseudomonas amygdali pv. aesculi Horse Chestnut Bleeding Canker - causative organism Pseudomonadales: Pseudomonadaceae Bacterial bleeding canker of horse chestnut, Anon., 2008
/Proteobacteria/Gammaproteobacteria/Pseudomonadales/Pseudomonadaceae/Pseudomonas amygdali pv. aesculi/Pseudomonas amygdali pv. aesculihorse chestnut bleeding canker (causative organism)colony Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutcankeredtrunktree colony infects and damages cankered trunk of tree
twig Foreign twig is decayed by gregarious, covered by blackened, raised epidermis pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Diaporthe coneglanensis a pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe coneglanensis/Diaporthe coneglanensisa pyrenomycetegregarious, covered by blackened, raised epidermispycnidiumPhomopsis coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnuttwig (5,10)gregarious, covered by blackened, raised epidermis pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by pycnidium of Diplodina coelomycetous anamorph Plagiostoma aesculi a pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Gnomoniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Gnomoniaceae/Plagiostoma aesculi/Plagiostoma aesculia pyrenomycetepycnidiumDiplodina coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutdeadtwig (11-3)pycnidium of Diplodina coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by immersed, in groups of 2-5 perithecium Plagiostoma aesculi a pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Gnomoniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Gnomoniaceae/Plagiostoma aesculi/Plagiostoma aesculia pyrenomyceteimmersed, in groups of 2-5perithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutdeadtwig (11-3)immersed, in groups of 2-5 perithecium is saprobic on dead twig
wood wood is decayed by pulvinate, erumpent or superficial stroma UK/Ireland Daldinia fissa Gorse Cramp Ball Xylariales: Xylariaceae Secondary metabolite profiles, genetic fingerprints and taxonomy of Daldinia and allies, Stadler, M., Wollweber, H., Mühlbauer, A., Henkel, T., Asakawa, Y., Hashimoto, T, 2001
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Xylariaceae/Daldinia fissa/Daldinia fissagorse cramp ballpulvinate, erumpent or superficialstroma Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus hippocastanum/Aesculus hippocastanumhorse chestnut, horse-chestnutwood pulvinate, erumpent or superficial stroma is saprobic on wood

Author & YearTitleSource
Anon., 2008Bacterial bleeding canker of horse chestnutPlant Clinic News May 08: 2.
Appiah, A., Jennings, P., & Turner, J.A., 2004Phytophthora ramorum: one pathogen and many diseases, an emerging threat to forest ecosystems and ornamental plant lifeMycologist Vol 18 (4): 145-150.
Briggs, J., 1995Mistletoe - distribution, biology and the National SurveyBritish Wildlife Vol 7 No 2: 75-82.
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden PlantsCollins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995Fungi of the South East England383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Fonseca, E.C.M. d’Assis, 1968Diptera: Cyclorrapha Calyptrata Sect (b) MuscidaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 4(b), 119pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Forest Research, 2003Path News Issue 3: April 2003
Grove, W.B., 1935British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidiaVol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Henricot, B. & Prior, C., 2004Phytophthora ramorum, the cause of sudden oak death or ramorum leaf blight and diebackMycologist Vol 18 (4): 151-156.
Hudson, H.J., 1987Guignardia leaf blotch of HorsechestnutTBMS Vol 89 (3): 400-401.
Ing, B. & Spooner, B., 2002The Horse Chestnut powdery mildew Uncinula flexuosa in Europe (New British Record 210)Mycologist Vol 16 (3): 112-113.
Ing, B., 1990An Introduction to British Powdery MildewsMycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Pere, C., Augustin, S., Turlings, T.J.C. & Kenis, M., 2010The invasive alien leaf miner Cameraria ohridella and the native tree Acer pseudoplatanus: a fatal attraction?Agricultural and Forest Entomology Vol 12 (2): 152-159.
Stadler, M., Wollweber, H., Mühlbauer, A., Henkel, T., Asakawa, Y., Hashimoto, T, 2001Secondary metabolite profiles, genetic fingerprints and taxonomy of Daldinia and alliesMycotaxon 77: 379-429.
Whalley, A.J.S. & Watling, R., 1980Daldinia concentrica versus Daldinia vernicosaTBMS Vol 74 (2): 399-406.

Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut, Horse-chestnut) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesAesculus hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut, Horse-chestnut)
GenusAesculus (horse chestnuts)
FamilySAPINDACEAE (maples & horse chestnuts)
OrderSAPINDALES (rues, sumachs, smoke tree, pride of India and tree of heaven)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut, Horse-chestnut)

Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut, Horse-chestnut) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut, Horse-chestnut):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 24 images of Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse Chestnut, Horse-chestnut)
Creative Commons License
This website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence.

Unless otherwise expressly stated, all original material on the BioInfo website by Malcolm Storey is licensed under the above Creative Commons Licence.

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)