Biston betularia (Linnaeus, 1758)
(Peppered Moth)

Interactions where Biston betularia is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season
caterpillar caterpillar grazes on live leaf Rare Dendranthema florist’s chrysanthemums, "mums" Asterales: Asteraceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Geometridae/Biston betularia/Biston betulariapeppered mothcaterpillar Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Dendranthema/Dendranthemaflorist's chrysanthemums, "mums"liveleafRare
caterpillar caterpillar grazes on live leaf Major Betula birches Fagales: Betulaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Geometridae/Biston betularia/Biston betulariapeppered mothcaterpillar Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula/BetulabirchesliveleafMajor
caterpillar caterpillar grazes on live leaf Major Fagus sylvatica Beech Fagales: Fagaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Geometridae/Biston betularia/Biston betulariapeppered mothcaterpillar Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Fagus sylvatica/Fagus sylvaticabeechliveleafMajor
caterpillar caterpillar grazes on live leaf Rare Rosa roses and briars Rosales: Rosaceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Geometridae/Biston betularia/Biston betulariapeppered mothcaterpillar Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Rosaceae/Rosa/Rosaroses and briarsliveleafRare
caterpillar caterpillar grazes on live leaf [Broadleaved trees and shrubs] broadleaved trees and shrubs Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Geometridae/Biston betularia/Biston betulariapeppered mothcaterpillar Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Broadleaved trees and shrubs/Broadleaved trees and shrubsbroadleaved trees and shrubsliveleaf

Author & YearTitleSource
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden PlantsCollins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins

Biston betularia (Peppered Moth) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Biston betularia (Peppered Moth) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesBiston betularia (Peppered Moth)
TribeBistonini (a tribe of moths)
SubfamilyENNOMINAE (a subfamily of moths)
FamilyGEOMETRIDAE (geometrids, carpets, pugs and loopers)
SuperfamilyGEOMETROIDEA (butterfly moths)
CladeMacrolepidoptera (macro-moths)
CladeObtectomera (butterflies and most moths)
CladeApoditrysia (butterflies and most moths)
InfraorderDitrysia (butterflies and most moths)
InfraorderHeteroneura (an infraorder of moths and butterflies)
SuborderGLOSSATA (a suborder of moths)
OrderLEPIDOPTERA (butterflies and moths)
Division Endopterygota (bees, beetles, flies, moths and other insects with wings developing internally)
InfraclassNeoptera (bees, beetles, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other advanced insects)
SubclassPTERYGOTA (bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)
ClassINSECTA (true insects)
SubphylumHEXAPODA (insects and other 6-legged organisms)
PhylumARTHROPODA (arthropods)
SuperphylumECDYSOZOA (skin shedders)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Biston betularia (Peppered Moth)

Biston betularia (Peppered Moth) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Biston betularia (Peppered Moth):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 53 images of Biston betularia (Peppered Moth)
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