Blechnum spicant (L.) Roth
(Hard Fern, Hard-fern)

Interactions where Blechnum spicant is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
(dead, decayed) dead, decayed debris may have fruitbody Tomentella radiosa a resupinate fungus Thelephorales: Thelephoraceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Thelephorales/Thelephoraceae/Tomentella radiosa/Tomentella radiosaa resupinate fungusfruitbody Plant / resting place / on /Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Blechnaceae/Blechnum spicant/Blechnum spicanthard fern, hard-ferndead, decayeddebris fruitbody may be found on dead, decayed debris
(dead, decaying) dead, decaying debris is decayed by fruitbody Typhula todei a minute club fungus Agaricales: Typhulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Typhulaceae/Typhula todei/Typhula todeia minute club fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Blechnaceae/Blechnum spicant/Blechnum spicanthard fern, hard-ferndead, decayingdebris fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decaying debris
frond (dead) dead frond is decayed by basidiome Cephaloscypha mairei a cyphelloid fungus Agaricales: Marasmiaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Marasmiaceae/Cephaloscypha mairei/Cephaloscypha maireia cyphelloid fungusbasidiome Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Blechnaceae/Blechnum spicant/Blechnum spicanthard fern, hard-ferndeadfrond basidiome is saprobic on dead frond
frond (live, over-wintered) live, over-wintered frond is parasitised by hypophyllous uredium Restricted Milesina blechni Hard Fern Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Milesina blechni/Milesina blechnihard fern rusthypophyllousuredium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Blechnaceae/Blechnum spicant/Blechnum spicanthard fern, hard-fernlive, over-winteredfrondSole (1-12)hypophyllous uredium parasitises live, over-wintered frond
frond (live, over-wintered) live, over-wintered frond is spotted by telium Restricted Milesina blechni Hard Fern Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Milesina blechni/Milesina blechnihard fern rusttelium Foodplant / spot causer /Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Blechnaceae/Blechnum spicant/Blechnum spicanthard fern, hard-fernlive, over-winteredfrondSole telium causes spots on live, over-wintered frond
leaf (live) live leaf may have epiphytic epiphyllous thallus UK/Ireland Phycopeltis arundinacea an epiphytic green alga Trentepohliales: Trentepohliaceae The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles, John, D.M., Whitton, B.A. & Brook, A.J., 2002
 /Plantae/Chlorophyta/Ulvophyceae/Trentepohliales/Trentepohliaceae/Phycopeltis arundinacea/Phycopeltis arundinaceaan epiphytic green algaepiphyllousthallus Plant / epiphyteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Blechnaceae/Blechnum spicant/Blechnum spicanthard fern, hard-fernliveleaf epiphyllous thallus grows on live leaf
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by basidiome Cephaloscypha mairei a cyphelloid fungus Agaricales: Marasmiaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Marasmiaceae/Cephaloscypha mairei/Cephaloscypha maireia cyphelloid fungusbasidiome Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Blechnaceae/Blechnum spicant/Blechnum spicanthard fern, hard-ferndeadstem basidiome is saprobic on dead stem

Author & YearTitleSource
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
John, D.M., Whitton, B.A. & Brook, A.J., 2002The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles702pp, Cambridge University Press
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Blechnum spicant (Hard Fern, Hard-fern) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesBlechnum spicant (Hard Fern, Hard-fern)
GenusBlechnum (hard-ferns)
FamilyBLECHNACEAE (hard ferns)
OrderPOLYPODIALES (an order of ferns)
ClassPOLYPODIOPSIDA (a class of ferns)
PhylumPTERIDOPHYTA (ferns and allies)
SubkingdomVIRIDIPLANTAE (lower green plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Blechnum spicant (Hard Fern, Hard-fern)

Blechnum spicant (Hard Fern, Hard-fern) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Blechnum spicant (Hard Fern, Hard-fern):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 18 images of Blechnum spicant (Hard Fern, Hard-fern)
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