Carex pilulifera L.
(Pill Sedge)

Interactions where Carex pilulifera is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season
seed seed is spread by worker Foreign Myrmica ruginodis an ant Hymenoptera: Formicidae Seed fate in a population of Carex pilulifera L.: I. Seed dispersal and ant-seed mutualism, Kjellsson, G, 1985
 /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Cyperaceae/Carex pilulifera/Carex piluliferapill sedgeseed Animal / vectorForeign /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Formicidae/Myrmica ruginodis/Myrmica ruginodisan antworker

Interactions where Carex pilulifera is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
elaiosome elaiosome is foodplant of Foreign Myrmica ruginodis an ant Hymenoptera: Formicidae Seed fate in a population of Carex pilulifera L.: I. Seed dispersal and ant-seed mutualism, Kjellsson, G, 1985
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Formicidae/Myrmica ruginodis/Myrmica ruginodisan ant Foodplant / feeds onForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Cyperaceae/Carex pilulifera/Carex piluliferapill sedgeelaiosome feeds on elaiosome
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by immersed, then exposed by shedding operculum of host epidermis apothecium Hysteropezizella diminuens a discomycete Helotiales: Dermateaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Hysteropezizella diminuens/Hysteropezizella diminuensa discomyceteimmersed, then exposed by shedding operculum of host epidermisapothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Cyperaceae/Carex pilulifera/Carex piluliferapill sedgedeadleaf (6-8)immersed, then exposed by shedding operculum of host epidermis apothecium is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by granular colony of Cordella dematiaceous anamorph UK/Ireland Cordella clarkii a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Apiosporaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Apiosporaceae/Cordella clarkii/Cordella clarkiia dematiaceous anamorphic fungusgranularcolonyCordella dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Cyperaceae/Carex pilulifera/Carex piluliferapill sedgedeadleaf (2)granular colony of Cordella dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
ovary (live) live ovary is parasitised by sorus UK/Ireland Anthracoidea caricis a smut fungus Ustilaginales: Anthracoideaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Anthracoideaceae/Anthracoidea caricis/Anthracoidea caricisa smut fungussorus Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Cyperaceae/Carex pilulifera/Carex piluliferapill sedgeliveovary sorus parasitises live ovary

Author & YearTitleSource
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995Fungi of the South East England383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Kjellsson, G, 1985Seed fate in a population of Carex pilulifera L.: I. Seed dispersal and ant-seed mutualismOecologia Vol 67, no. 3: 416-423.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Carex pilulifera (Pill Sedge) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesCarex pilulifera (Pill Sedge)
GenusCarex (sedges)
FamilyCYPERACEAE (cotton-grasses, spike-rushes and sedges)
OrderPOALES (grasses, sedges & rushes)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Carex pilulifera (Pill Sedge)

Carex pilulifera (Pill Sedge) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Kjellsson, G 1985 Seed fate in a population of Carex pilulifera L.: I. Seed dispersal and ant-seed mutualism Oecologia Vol 67, no. 3: 416-423.

Mycorrhiza

Taylor, A.S. & Alexander, I. 2005 The ectomycorrhizal symbiosis: life in the real world Mycologist Vol 19 (3): 102-112.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Carex pilulifera (Pill Sedge):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 10 images of Carex pilulifera (Pill Sedge)
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