Galium L.
(bedstraws)

Interactions where Galium is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is foodplant of UK/IrelandMajor Halticus apterus a plantbug or grassbug Hemiptera: Miridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Halticus apterus/Halticus apterusa plantbug or grassbug Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/GaliumbedstrawsMajor feeds on
is foodplant of UK/Ireland Halticus luteicollis a plantbug or grassbug Hemiptera: Miridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Halticus luteicollis/Halticus luteicollisa plantbug or grassbug Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstraws feeds on
is foodplant of UK/Ireland Orthocephalus coriaceus a plantbug or grassbug Hemiptera: Miridae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Miridae/Orthocephalus coriaceus/Orthocephalus coriaceusa plantbug or grassbug Foodplant / feeds onUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstraws feeds on
has sap sucked by adult Legnotus limbosus a shieldbug Hemiptera: Cydnidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Cydnidae/Legnotus limbosus/Legnotus limbosusa shieldbugadult Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstraws adult sucks sap of
has sap sucked by nymph Legnotus limbosus a shieldbug Hemiptera: Cydnidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Cydnidae/Legnotus limbosus/Legnotus limbosusa shieldbugnymph Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstraws nymph sucks sap of
may have larva Platythrips tunicatus a thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Platythrips tunicatus/Platythrips tunicatusa thripslarva Plant / resting place / on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstraws (6-9)larva may be found on
may have female apter Platythrips tunicatus a thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Platythrips tunicatus/Platythrips tunicatusa thripsfemale apter Plant / resting place / on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstraws (1-12)female apter may be found on
may have female macropter Platythrips tunicatus a thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Platythrips tunicatus/Platythrips tunicatusa thripsfemale macropter Plant / resting place / on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstraws (6-8)female macropter may be found on
may have male apter Platythrips tunicatus a thrips Thysanoptera: Thripidae Thysanoptera, Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Thysanoptera/Thripidae/Platythrips tunicatus/Platythrips tunicatusa thripsmale apter Plant / resting place / on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstraws (5-10)male apter may be found on
(live) live has sap sucked by Dysaphis pyri Pear-bedstraw Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Dysaphis (Pomaphis) pyri/Dysaphis (Pomaphis) pyripear-bedstraw aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawslive (late spring-)sucks sap of live
flower (live) live flower is grazed by adult Cryptocephalus moraei a leaf beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cryptocephalus moraei/Cryptocephalus moraeia leaf beetleadult Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsliveflower (5-9)adult grazes on live flower
inflorescence inflorescence is galled by Aceria galiobia a gall mite Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Trombidiformes/Eriophyidae/Aceria galiobia/Aceria galiobiaa gall mite Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsinflorescence causes gall of inflorescence
leaf (terminal) leaf (terminal) is galled by Aceria galiobia a gall mite Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Trombidiformes/Eriophyidae/Aceria galiobia/Aceria galiobiaa gall mite Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsleaf (terminal) causes gall of leaf (terminal)
leaf leaf is galled by Cecidophyes galii a gall mite Trombidiformes: Eriophyidae Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Arachnida/Trombidiformes/Eriophyidae/Cecidophyes galii/Cecidophyes galiia gall mite Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsleaf causes gall of leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by larva Timarcha goettingensis Lesser Bloody-nosed Beetle, Small Bloody-nosed Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Timarcha goettingensis/Timarcha goettingensislesser bloody-nosed beetle, small bloody-nosed beetlelarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsleaf larva grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by adult Timarcha goettingensis Lesser Bloody-nosed Beetle, Small Bloody-nosed Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Timarcha goettingensis/Timarcha goettingensislesser bloody-nosed beetle, small bloody-nosed beetleadult Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsleaf (late 2-12)adult grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by larva Timarcha tenebricosa Bloody-nosed Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Timarcha tenebricosa/Timarcha tenebricosabloody-nosed beetlelarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsleaf larva grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by adult Timarcha tenebricosa Bloody-nosed Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Timarcha tenebricosa/Timarcha tenebricosabloody-nosed beetleadult Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsleaf (1-12)adult grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by larva Sermylassa halensis a leaf beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Sermylassa halensis/Sermylassa halensisa leaf beetlelarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsleaf larva grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is galled by larva Dasineura galiicola a gall midge Diptera: Cecidomyiidae Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Cecidomyiidae/Dasineura galiicola/Dasineura galiicolaa gall midgelarva Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsleaf larva causes gall of leaf
leaf leaf is mined by larva Restricted Galiomyza morio a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Galiomyza morio/Galiomyza morioa leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/GaliumbedstrawsleafSole larva mines leaf
leaf (fading) fading leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous, grouped pycnidium of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph Questionable Placosphaeria punctiformis a coelomycete Dothideales British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Dothideales/Placosphaeria punctiformis/Placosphaeria punctiformisa coelomycetehypophyllous, groupedpycnidiumPlacosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstraws?fadingleaf (7-10)hypophyllous, grouped pycnidium of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph parasitises fading leaf
leaf (fading) fading leaf is parasitised by plurilocular, amphigenous stroma of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Placosphaeria stellatarum a coelomycete Dothideales British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Dothideales/Placosphaeria stellatarum/Placosphaeria stellataruma coelomyceteplurilocular, amphigenousstromaPlacosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsfadingleaf plurilocular, amphigenous stroma of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph parasitises fading leaf
leaf (live, distorted) live, distorted leaf has sap sucked by Major Myzus cerasi Cherry Blackfly, Cherry Aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962, Fjelddalen, J., 1964
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Myzus (Myzus) cerasi/Myzus (Myzus) cerasicherry blackfly, cherry aphid Foodplant / sap sucker /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawslive, distortedleafMajor (summer)sucks sap of live, distorted leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is grazed by adult Cryptocephalus moraei a leaf beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Cryptocephalus moraei/Cryptocephalus moraeia leaf beetleadult Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsliveleaf (5-9)adult grazes on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous, grouped pycnidium of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph Questionable Placosphaeria punctiformis a coelomycete Dothideales British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Dothideales/Placosphaeria punctiformis/Placosphaeria punctiformisa coelomycetehypophyllous, groupedpycnidiumPlacosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstraws?liveleaf (7-10)hypophyllous, grouped pycnidium of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph parasitises live leaf
leaves (terminal) leaves (terminal) is galled by Trioza galii a jumping plantlouse Hemiptera: Triozidae Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Triozidae/Trioza galii/Trioza galiia jumping plantlouse Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsleaves (terminal) causes gall of leaves (terminal)
root root is parasitised by underground tuber UK/Ireland Orobanche caryophyllacea Bedstraw Broomrape, Clove-scented Broomrape Lamiales: Orobanchaceae Flora of the British Isles, Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Moore, D.M., 1985
/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Orobanchaceae/Orobanche caryophyllacea/Orobanche caryophyllaceabedstraw broomrape, clove-scented broomrapeundergroundtuber Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsroot underground tuber parasitises root
stem stem is grazed by larva Timarcha goettingensis Lesser Bloody-nosed Beetle, Small Bloody-nosed Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Timarcha goettingensis/Timarcha goettingensislesser bloody-nosed beetle, small bloody-nosed beetlelarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsstem larva grazes on stem
stem stem is grazed by adult Timarcha goettingensis Lesser Bloody-nosed Beetle, Small Bloody-nosed Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Timarcha goettingensis/Timarcha goettingensislesser bloody-nosed beetle, small bloody-nosed beetleadult Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsstem (late 2-12)adult grazes on stem
stem stem is grazed by larva Timarcha tenebricosa Bloody-nosed Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Timarcha tenebricosa/Timarcha tenebricosabloody-nosed beetlelarva Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsstem larva grazes on stem
stem stem is grazed by adult Timarcha tenebricosa Bloody-nosed Beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland, Cox, M.L., 2007
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Timarcha tenebricosa/Timarcha tenebricosabloody-nosed beetleadult Foodplant / open feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsstem (1-12)adult grazes on stem
stem stem is galled by larva Geocrypta galii a gall midge Diptera: Cecidomyiidae Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Cecidomyiidae/Geocrypta galii/Geocrypta galiia gall midgelarva Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsstem larva causes gall of stem
stem stem is parasitised by grouped pycnidium of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph Questionable Placosphaeria punctiformis a coelomycete Dothideales British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Dothideales/Placosphaeria punctiformis/Placosphaeria punctiformisa coelomycetegroupedpycnidiumPlacosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstraws?stem (7-10)grouped pycnidium of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph parasitises stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by effuse colony of Gyrothrix dematiaceous anamorph UK/Ireland Gyrothrix verticillata a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Gyrothrix verticillata/Gyrothrix verticillataa dematiaceous anamorphic funguseffusecolonyGyrothrix dematiaceous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsdeadstem (9)effuse colony of Gyrothrix dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by gregarious to scattered, erumpent apothecium Foreign Pyrenopeziza galii a discomycete Helotiales: Dermateaceae New British Records 187: Pyrenopeziza galii Fuckel, Spooner, B.M., 2001
/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Dermateaceae/Pyrenopeziza galii/Pyrenopeziza galiia discomycetegregarious to scattered, erumpentapothecium Foodplant / saprobeForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawsdeadstem gregarious to scattered, erumpent apothecium is saprobic on dead stem
stem (live) live stem is galled by telium Puccinia galii-verni a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia galii-verni/Puccinia galii-vernia rust fungustelium Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Gentianales/Rubiaceae/Galium/Galiumbedstrawslivestem telium causes gall of live stem

Author & YearTitleSource
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden PlantsCollins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Bullock, J.A., 1992Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations11a, 24pp, Amateur Entomologists’ Society
Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Moore, D.M., 1985Flora of the British Isles3 edition, 688pp, Cambridge University Press
Cox, M.L., 2007Atlas of the Seed and Leaf Beetles of Britain and Ireland336pp, Pisces Publications
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995Fungi of the South East England383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Fjelddalen, J., 1964Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962Norsk. Ent. Tidskr. 12: 259-295.
Grove, W.B., 1935British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidiaVol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Mound L.A., Morison, G.D., Pitkin, B.R. & Palmer, J.M., 1976ThysanopteraHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 1, part 11, 79pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959Land and Water Bugs of the British IslesWayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
Spencer, K.A., 1972Diptera: AgromyzidaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Spooner, B.M., 2001New British Records 187: Pyrenopeziza galii FuckelMycologist Vol 15 (2): 76.
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)

Galium (bedstraws) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa
No of
interactions
No of
references
Species 28 trophisms
Species 3 trophisms
Species 39 trophisms
Species 22 trophisms
Species 15 trophisms 1 references
Species 22 trophisms
Species 4 trophisms
Species 9 trophisms
Species 26 trophisms
Taxonomic hierarchy:
GenusGalium (bedstraws)
FamilyRUBIACEAE (madder, goosegrass and bedstraws)
OrderGENTIANALES (bedstraws, gentians and periwinkles)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Galium (bedstraws)

Identification Works

Handling & MagnificationAuthorYearTitleSource
() Lansdown R.V. & Pankhurst T.J. Field Guide to the Identification of Difficult Aquatic Plants of the New Forest

Galium (bedstraws) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Galium (bedstraws):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 126 images of Galium (bedstraws)
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