PAPILIONOIDEA
(butterflies)

Interactions where PAPILIONOIDEA is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season
adult adult pollinates or fertilises flower Anacamptis pyramidalis Pyramidal Orchid Asparagales: Orchidaceae Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Papilionoidea/Papilionoideabutterfliesadult Plant / pollinated /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Anacamptis pyramidalis/Anacamptis pyramidalispyramidal orchidflower
adult adult pollinates or fertilises flower Gymnadenia conopsea Fragrant Orchid, Common Fragrant-orchid Asparagales: Orchidaceae Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009
Orchids of Northern Europe, Nilsson, S., 1979
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Papilionoidea/Papilionoideabutterfliesadult Plant / pollinated /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Gymnadenia conopsea/Gymnadenia conopseafragrant orchid, common fragrant-orchidflower
adult adult pollinates or fertilises flower Platanthera bifolia Lesser Butterfly-orchid Asparagales: Orchidaceae Orchids of Northern Europe, Nilsson, S., 1979
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Papilionoidea/Papilionoideabutterfliesadult Plant / pollinated /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Platanthera bifolia/Platanthera bifolialesser butterfly-orchidflower
adult adult pollinates or fertilises flower Platanthera chlorantha Greater Butterfly-orchid Asparagales: Orchidaceae Orchids of Northern Europe, Nilsson, S., 1979
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Lepidoptera/Papilionoidea/Papilionoideabutterfliesadult Plant / pollinated /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Platanthera chlorantha/Platanthera chloranthagreater butterfly-orchidflower

Author & YearTitleSource
Harrap, A. & S., 2009Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide2nd edition, 480pp, A&C Black Publishers Ltd
Nilsson, S., 1979Orchids of Northern EuropePenguin Nature Guides, 146pp, Penguin Books

PAPILIONOIDEA (butterflies) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

PAPILIONOIDEA (butterflies) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa		 No of
interactions		 No of
references
HESPERIIDAE
skippers
Family 6 subtaxa 8 trophisms 5 references
LYCAENIDAE
blues, coppers and hairstreaks
Family 19 subtaxa 30 trophisms 29 references
NYMPHALIDAE
brown, fritillary and vanessid butterflies
Family 21 subtaxa 33 trophisms 42 references
PAPILIONIDAE
swallowtails
Family 1 subtaxa 1 trophisms 2 references
PAPILIONINAE
a subfamily of butterflies
Subfamily 1 subtaxa 1 trophisms 2 references
Papilionini
a tribe of butterflies
Tribe 1 subtaxa 1 trophisms 2 references
PIERIDAE
white butterflies, brimstones, and orange-tips
Family 9 subtaxa 27 trophisms 7 references
Taxonomic hierarchy:
SuperfamilyPAPILIONOIDEA (butterflies)
SuborderGLOSSATA (a suborder of moths)
OrderLEPIDOPTERA (butterflies and moths)
Division Endopterygota (bees, beetles, flies, moths and other insects with wings developing internally)
InfraclassNeoptera (bees, beetles, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other advanced insects)
SubclassPTERYGOTA (bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)
ClassINSECTA (true insects)
SubphylumHEXAPODA (insects and other 6-legged organisms)
PhylumARTHROPODA (arthropods)
SuperphylumECDYSOZOA (skin shedders)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for PAPILIONOIDEA (butterflies)

Identification Works

Handling & MagnificationAuthorYearTitleSource
Coombes, S. Captain’s European Butterfly Guide www.butterfly-guide.co.uk/
Eeles, P. UK Butterflies www.ukbutterflies.co.uk
Emmet, A.M., Langmaid, J. & Heath J. 1989 Hesperiidae to Nymphalidae (the butterflies) (vol 7(1)) The Moths and Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland, Vol 7 (Part 1), Harley Books
Sandars, E. 1939 A Butterfly Book for the Pocket
Settele, J.. Shreeve, T., Konvicka, M. & van Dyck, H. (eds) 2009 Ecology of Butterflies in Europe Cambridge University Press
() South, R. 1906 The Butterflies of the British Isles The Wayside and Woodland Series, 210pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
Stokoe, W.J. The Observer’s Book of Butterflies Observer's Books, No 3, 191pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.
() Thomas, J. & Lewington, R. 1991 The Butterflies of Britain & Ireland 224pp, Dorling Kindersley

Caterpillars

Carter, D.J. 1979 *** The Observer’s Book of Caterpillars ***(Superseded) Observer's Books, No 79, 159pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.

Microscopy

Pierce, F.N., Beirne, B.P. 1975 The Genitalia of the Rhopalocera and the larger British Moths Reprint edition, 74+21 platespp, E. W. Classey

PAPILIONOIDEA (butterflies) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Ford, E.B. 1977 Butterflies The New Naturalist, No 1, Fourth edition edition, 352pp, Collins
Heath, J. 1970 Provisional atlas of the insects of the British Isles. Part 1: Lepidoptera Rhopalocera. Butterflies (Maps 1 to 57) 102pp, Biological Records Centre

English Names

Marren, P. 2004 The English names of Butterflies British Wildlife Vol 15, No. 6: 401-408.

Nature Conservation

Brereton, T., Roy, D., & Greatorex-Davies, N. 2006 Thirty Years and Counting - the contribution to conservation and ecology of butterfly-monitoring in the UK British Wildlife Vol 17, No. 3: 162-170.

Pathology

Shaw, M.R., Stefanescu, C. & van Nouhuys, S. Parasitoids of European butterflies Shaw, M.R., Stefanescu, C. & van Nouhuys, S. Parasitoids of European butterflies, 27pp, Ecology of Butterflies in Europe

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to PAPILIONOIDEA (butterflies):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 820 images of PAPILIONOIDEA (butterflies)
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