Picris L.
(ox-tongues)

Interactions where Picris is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
(live)		live is parasitised by sporangium			Bremia lactucae s. lat.	Lettuce Downy Mildew	Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae	A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles, Preece, T.F., 2002	/Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Bremia lactucae s. lat./	Bremia lactucae s. lat.	lettuce downy mildew				sporangium	Foodplant / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris/	Picris	ox-tongues		live			Rare			sporangium parasitises live
capitulum		capitulum may contain larva			Trupanea amoena	a gall fly	Diptera: Tephritidae	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Trupanea amoena/	Trupanea amoena	a gall fly				larva	Foodplant / internal feeder		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris/	Picris	ox-tongues			capitulum					larva feeds within capitulum
leaf (base of midrib)		leaf (base of midrib) may house puparium			Ophiomyia cunctata	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972 The Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark, Spencer, K.A., 1976	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Ophiomyia cunctata/	Ophiomyia cunctata	a leaf-mining fly				puparium	Plant / resting place / within			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris/	Picris	ox-tongues			leaf (base of midrib)					puparium may be found in leaf (base of midrib)
leaf (midrib, lamina)		leaf (midrib, lamina) is mined by larva			Ophiomyia beckeri	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	The Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark, Spencer, K.A., 1976	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Ophiomyia beckeri/	Ophiomyia beckeri	a leaf-mining fly				larva	Foodplant / miner		Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris/	Picris	ox-tongues			leaf (midrib, lamina)					larva mines leaf (midrib, lamina)
leaf (midrib, lamina)		leaf (midrib, lamina) is mined by larva			Ophiomyia cunctata	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972 The Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark, Spencer, K.A., 1976	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Ophiomyia cunctata/	Ophiomyia cunctata	a leaf-mining fly				larva	Foodplant / miner			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris/	Picris	ox-tongues			leaf (midrib, lamina)					larva mines leaf (midrib, lamina)
leaf (midrib, lamina)		leaf (midrib, lamina) is mined by larva			Ophiomyia pulicaria	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Ophiomyia pulicaria/	Ophiomyia pulicaria	a leaf-mining fly				larva	Foodplant / miner			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris/	Picris	ox-tongues			leaf (midrib, lamina)					larva mines leaf (midrib, lamina)
leaf (petiole at base)		leaf (petiole at base) may house puparium			Ophiomyia pulicaria	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Ophiomyia pulicaria/	Ophiomyia pulicaria	a leaf-mining fly				puparium	Plant / resting place / within			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris/	Picris	ox-tongues			leaf (petiole at base)					puparium may be found in leaf (petiole at base)
leaf		leaf is mined by larva			Phytomyza marginella	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Phytomyza marginella/	Phytomyza marginella	a leaf-mining fly				larva	Foodplant / miner			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris/	Picris	ox-tongues			leaf					larva mines leaf
root		root is parasitised by underground tuber			Orobanche picridis	Oxtongue Broomrape	Lamiales: Orobanchaceae	Flora of the British Isles, Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Moore, D.M., 1985 New Flora of the British Isles (Ed 2), Stace, C., 1997	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Lamiales/Orobanchaceae/Orobanche picridis/	Orobanche picridis	oxtongue broomrape		underground	tuber		Foodplant / parasite			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Picris/	Picris	ox-tongues			root		Major			underground tuber parasitises root

Author & Year	Title	Source
Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. & Moore, D.M., 1985	Flora of the British Isles	3 edition, 688pp, Cambridge University Press
Preece, T.F., 2002	A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles	33pp, British Mycological Society
Spencer, K.A., 1972	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Spencer, K.A., 1976	The Agromyzidae (Diptera) of Fennoscandia and Denmark	Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, 5 (parts 1 and 2), 606pp, Scandinavian Science Press
Stace, C., 1997	New Flora of the British Isles (Ed 2)	Second edition edition, 1130pp, Cambridge University Press
White, I.M., 1988	Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol 10. Part 5a, 134pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

Picris (ox-tongues) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Lactuceae
(“dandelions”)

ASTERACEAE
(daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)

EU-DICOTS
(dicotyledonous flowering plants)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Herbaceous Plants
(herbaceous plants)

Subtaxon				Rank	Featured subtaxa	No of interactions	No of references
Picris echioides Bristly Ox-tongue				Species		6 trophisms
Picris hieracioides Hawkweed Ox-tongue				Species		13 trophisms

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Genus	Picris (ox-tongues)
Tribe	Lactuceae (“dandelions”)
Subfamily	LACTUCOIDEAE (“dandelions”)
Family	ASTERACEAE (daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)
Order	ASTERALES (daisies, dandelions, thistles and bell flowers)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Picris is also a member of:
Herbaceous Plants - herbaceous plants (via Asteraceae)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Picris (ox-tongues)

Picris (ox-tongues) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Lactuceae
(“dandelions”)

ASTERACEAE
(daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Picris (ox-tongues):

Lactuceae
(“dandelions”)

ASTERACEAE
(daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 52 images of Picris (ox-tongues)

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