Symphytum L.
(comfreys)

Interactions where Symphytum is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is foodplant of Mogulones asperifoliarum a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Mogulones asperifoliarum/Mogulones asperifoliaruma weevil Foodplant / feeds on /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Boraginaceae/Symphytum/Symphytumcomfreys feeds on
(wet, dead, decayed) wet, dead, decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody Pterula caricis-pendulae Pendulous Sedge Club Agaricales: Pterulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Pterulaceae/Pterula caricis-pendulae/Pterula caricis-pendulaependulous sedge clubfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Boraginaceae/Symphytum/Symphytumcomfreyswet, dead, decayeddebris fruitbody is saprobic on wet, dead, decayed debris
flower flower is galled by larva Dasineura symphyti a gall midge Diptera: Cecidomyiidae Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls, Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Cecidomyiidae/Dasineura symphyti/Dasineura symphytia gall midgelarva Foodplant / gall /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Boraginaceae/Symphytum/Symphytumcomfreysflower larva causes gall of flower
leaf (basal, base of) (decayed) decayed leaf (basal, base of) is decayed by fruitbody UK/IrelandRestricted Hemimycena candida a toadstool Agaricales: Mycenaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Bioimages - the Virtual Field Guide, Storey, M.W., 2015
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Mycenaceae/Hemimycena candida/Hemimycena candidaa toadstoolfruitbody Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Boraginaceae/Symphytum/Symphytumcomfreysdecayedleaf (basal, base of)Sole fruitbody is saprobic on decayed leaf (basal, base of)
leaf leaf is grazed by larva UK/Ireland Longitarsus curtus a flea beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
The British Species of the genus Longitarsus (Col., Chrysomelidae), Kevan D.K., 1967
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Longitarsus curtus/Longitarsus curtusa flea beetlelarva Foodplant / open feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Boraginaceae/Symphytum/Symphytumcomfreysleaf larva grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by adult UK/Ireland Longitarsus curtus a flea beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
The British Species of the genus Longitarsus (Col., Chrysomelidae), Kevan D.K., 1967
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Longitarsus curtus/Longitarsus curtusa flea beetleadult Foodplant / open feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Boraginaceae/Symphytum/Symphytumcomfreysleaf adult grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by larva UK/IrelandMajor Longitarsus nasturtii a flea beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
The British Species of the genus Longitarsus (Col., Chrysomelidae), Kevan D.K., 1967
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Longitarsus nasturtii/Longitarsus nasturtiia flea beetlelarva Foodplant / open feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Boraginaceae/Symphytum/SymphytumcomfreysleafMajor larva grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is grazed by adult UK/IrelandMajor Longitarsus nasturtii a flea beetle Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations, Bullock, J.A., 1992
The British Species of the genus Longitarsus (Col., Chrysomelidae), Kevan D.K., 1967
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Chrysomelidae/Longitarsus nasturtii/Longitarsus nasturtiia flea beetleadult Foodplant / open feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Boraginaceae/Symphytum/SymphytumcomfreysleafMajor adult grazes on leaf
leaf leaf is mined by communal larva Agromyza abiens a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Agromyza abiens/Agromyza abiensa leaf-mining flycommunallarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Boraginaceae/Symphytum/Symphytumcomfreysleaf communal larva mines leaf
leaf leaf is mined by larva Agromyza myosotidis a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Agromyza myosotidis/Agromyza myosotidisa leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Boraginaceae/Symphytum/Symphytumcomfreysleaf larva mines leaf
stem (large) (dead) dead stem (large) is decayed by fruitbody Lachnella alboviolascens a cyphelloid fungus Agaricales: Niaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Niaceae/Lachnella alboviolascens/Lachnella alboviolascensa cyphelloid fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Boraginaceae/Symphytum/Symphytumcomfreysdeadstem (large) fruitbody is saprobic on dead stem (large)
stem (dead, decayed) dead, decayed stem is decayed by fruitbody Lachnella villosa a cyphelloid fungus Agaricales: Niaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Niaceae/Lachnella villosa/Lachnella villosaa cyphelloid fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Boraginaceae/Symphytum/Symphytumcomfreysdead, decayedstem fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed stem

Author & YearTitleSource
Bullock, J.A., 1992Host Plants of British Beetles: A List of Recorded Associations11a, 24pp, Amateur Entomologists’ Society
Kevan D.K., 1967The British Species of the genus Longitarsus (Col., Chrysomelidae)Ent. Mon. Mag. Vol 103: 83-110.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Spencer, K.A., 1972Diptera: AgromyzidaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Storey, M.W., 2015Bioimages - the Virtual Field Guidewww.bioimages.org.uk
Stubbs, F.B. (Editor), 1986Provisional Keys to British Plant Galls95pp, British Plant Gall Society (BPGS)

Symphytum (comfreys) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa
No of
interactions
No of
references
Species 4 trophisms
Species 1 trophisms
Species 1 trophisms
Species 19 trophisms
Species hybrid 5 trophisms
Species 2 trophisms
Species 7 trophisms
Taxonomic hierarchy:
GenusSymphytum (comfreys)
FamilyBORAGINACEAE (borages, comfreys and forget-me-nots)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Symphytum (comfreys)

Symphytum (comfreys) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Symphytum (comfreys):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 78 images of Symphytum (comfreys)
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