ASCIDIACEA Nielsen, 1995
(ascidians, sea-squirts)

ASCIDIACEA (ascidians, sea-squirts) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa		 No of
interactions		 No of
references
APLOUSOBRANCHIA
a suborder of sea squirts
Order 3 subtaxa 6 trophisms 2 references
PHLEBOBRANCHIA
a suborder of sea squirts
Order 2 subtaxa 2 references
STOLIDOBRANCHIA
a suborder of sea squirts
Order 6 subtaxa 7 trophisms 5 references
Taxonomic hierarchy:
ClassASCIDIACEA (ascidians, sea-squirts)
SubphylumTUNICATA (ascidians, sea-squirts, tunicates)
PhylumCHORDATA (vertebrates)
SuperphylumDEUTEROSTOMIA (deuterostomes)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for ASCIDIACEA (ascidians, sea-squirts)

Identification Works

Handling & MagnificationAuthorYearTitleSource
Alder, J. & Hancock, A. (Hopkinson J. (Ed.)) 1905 *** The British Tunicata; an unfinished monograph, by the late Joshua Alder and the late Albany Hancock ***(Superseded) Vol 83, 86 & 93, 146+164+113 (+66 colour plates)pp, The Ray Society, London
Gittenberger, A. The Dutch Ascidians www.ascidians.com
Goff, T., le Biodiversity des algues marines et de la fauna marine des cotes francaises: Manche et Atlantique www.marevita.org/index.php?option=accueil
Gregory, J. British Marine Life Pictures www.britishmarinelifepictures.co.uk/gallery.html
() Millar, R.H. 1970 British Ascidians Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series), 1, 88pp, The Linnean Society of London

Technique

Stefeniak, L. & Gittenberger, A. Panama - Bocas del Toro www.ascidians.com/localities/bocasdeltoro.htm

ASCIDIACEA (ascidians, sea-squirts) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource

Curation

Carriker, M.R. Appendix i: some recent methods for narcotization, killing, fixation, and preservation of marine organisms Carriker, M.R. Appendix i: some recent methods for narcotization, killing, fixation, and preservation of marine organisms, Notes on methods for the narcotization, killing, fixation, and preservation of marine organisms
Russell, H.D. 1963 Notes on methods for the narcotization, killing, fixation, and preservation of marine organisms Systematics-Ecology Program, 70pp, Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass.)

Lab Techniques

Costello, D. & Henley, C. 1971 Methods for obtaining and handling marine eggs and embryos Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass.)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to ASCIDIACEA (ascidians, sea-squirts):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 276 images of ASCIDIACEA (ascidians, sea-squirts)

Certain identification generally requires dissection followed by microscopic examination of internal features after removing the outer coat (test).

For the larger species this is often most easily accomplished with a pair of fine-pointed scissors inserted through the oral siphon; cutting with a scalpel invariably slices through the gut and gonads as well. This should be done relatively soon after collection, since, although they survive for several days in a refridgerator, once the gut is empty it is much less visible.

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