TUNICATA Lamarck, 1816
(ascidians, sea-squirts, tunicates)

Interactions where TUNICATA is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is predated by adult Lamellaria latens a prosobranch mollusc Littorinimorpha: Velutinidae British Prosobranch and other operculate gastropod molluscs, Graham, A., 1971
 /Animalia/Mollusca/Gastropoda/Littorinimorpha/Velutinidae/Lamellaria latens/Lamellaria latensa prosobranch molluscadult Animal / predator /Animalia/Chordata/Tunicata/Tunicataascidians, sea-squirts, tunicates adult is predator of
is predated by adult Lamellaria perspicua a prosobranch mollusc Littorinimorpha: Velutinidae British Prosobranch and other operculate gastropod molluscs, Graham, A., 1971
 /Animalia/Mollusca/Gastropoda/Littorinimorpha/Velutinidae/Lamellaria perspicua/Lamellaria perspicuaa prosobranch molluscadult Animal / predator /Animalia/Chordata/Tunicata/Tunicataascidians, sea-squirts, tunicates adult is predator of

Author & YearTitleSource
Graham, A., 1971British Prosobranch and other operculate gastropod molluscsSynopses of the British Fauna (New Series), 2, ed 1 edition, 112pp, The Linnean Society of London

TUNICATA (ascidians, sea-squirts, tunicates) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa		 No of
interactions		 No of
references
ASCIDIACEA
ascidians, sea-squirts
Class 11 subtaxa 13 trophisms 18 references
Taxonomic hierarchy:
SubphylumTUNICATA (ascidians, sea-squirts, tunicates)
PhylumCHORDATA (vertebrates)
SuperphylumDEUTEROSTOMIA (deuterostomes)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for TUNICATA (ascidians, sea-squirts, tunicates)

Identification Works

Handling & MagnificationAuthorYearTitleSource
Anon. The Marine Life Information Network for Britain and Ireland (MarLIN) www.marlin.ac.uk/gallerycategory.php?gcatid=8
Berrill, N.J. 1950 The Tunicata, with an Account of the British Species Vol 133, The Ray Society, London
de Kluijver, M.J. & S.S. Ingalsuo, S.S. Tunicata wbd.etibioinformatics.nl/bis/tunicata.php
Fraser, J.H 1982 British Pelagic Tunicates Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series), 20, The Linnean Society of London
Harant, H. & Vernières, P. 1938 *** Tuniciers, fascicle 2: Appendiculaires et Thaliacés ***(Superseded) Faune de France, Faune No 33, 59pp, Fédération Française des Sociétés de Science Naturel
Harant, H. & Vernières, P. 1933 *** Tuniciers, fascicle 1: Ascidies ***(Superseded) Faune de France, Faune No 27, 100pp, Fédération Française des Sociétés de Science Naturel
() Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (eds) 1996 Handbook of the Marine Fauna of North-West Europe reprint with minor corrections edition, 800pp, Oxford University Press
Naylor, P. 2005 Great British Marine Animals 2nd edition edition
Picton, B.E. & Morrow, C.C. Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland www.habitas.org.uk/marinelife/
Wood, C. 2007 Seasearch Observer’s Guide to Marine Life of Britain and Ireland SeaSearch guides, Marine Conservation Society

Marine

() Hayward, P.J. & Ryland, J.S. (eds) 1990 The Marine Fauna of the British Isles and north-west Europe 2 volumes, 996pp, Clarendon Press

Planktonic Forms

Apstein, C. & Brandt, K.A.H. (eds) 1901 *** Tunicata, Mollusca ***(Superseded) Nordisches Plankton, 116+55pp, H. G. Bohn, London

Planktonic Stages And Forms

Todd, C.D., Laverack, M.S. & Boxshall, G. 1996 Coastal Marine Zooplankton: A Practical Manual for Students 2nd edition, 106pp, Cambridge University Press

TUNICATA (ascidians, sea-squirts, tunicates) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to TUNICATA (ascidians, sea-squirts, tunicates):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 276 images of TUNICATA (ascidians, sea-squirts, tunicates)
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