Bionectria ralfsii (Berk. & Broome) Schroers & Samuels
(a pyrenomycete)

Interactions where Bionectria ralfsii is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph		Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, cut or fallen branch			Ulex	gorses	Fabales: Fabaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Bionectriaceae/Bionectria ralfsii/	Bionectria ralfsii	a pyrenomycete				Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fabales/Fabaceae/Ulex/	Ulex	gorses		dead, cut or fallen	branch				(9-1)
perithecium (stromatic)		stromatic perithecium is saprobic on dead, cut or fallen branch			Ulex	gorses	Fabales: Fabaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Bionectriaceae/Bionectria ralfsii/	Bionectria ralfsii	a pyrenomycete		stromatic		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fabales/Fabaceae/Ulex/	Ulex	gorses		dead, cut or fallen	branch				(9-1)
Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph		Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, cut or fallen branch			Ulmus	elms	Rosales: Ulmaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Bionectriaceae/Bionectria ralfsii/	Bionectria ralfsii	a pyrenomycete				Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus/	Ulmus	elms		dead, cut or fallen	branch				(9-1)
perithecium (stromatic)		stromatic perithecium is saprobic on dead, cut or fallen branch			Ulmus	elms	Rosales: Ulmaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Bionectriaceae/Bionectria ralfsii/	Bionectria ralfsii	a pyrenomycete		stromatic		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus/	Ulmus	elms		dead, cut or fallen	branch				(9-1)
Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph		Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, cut or fallen branch			Acer	maples	Sapindales: Sapindaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Bionectriaceae/Bionectria ralfsii/	Bionectria ralfsii	a pyrenomycete				Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Acer/	Acer	maples		dead, cut or fallen	branch				(9-1)
perithecium (stromatic)		stromatic perithecium is saprobic on dead, cut or fallen branch			Acer	maples	Sapindales: Sapindaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Bionectriaceae/Bionectria ralfsii/	Bionectria ralfsii	a pyrenomycete		stromatic		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Acer/	Acer	maples		dead, cut or fallen	branch				(9-1)
Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph		Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, cut or fallen branch			Aesculus	horse chestnuts	Sapindales: Sapindaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Bionectriaceae/Bionectria ralfsii/	Bionectria ralfsii	a pyrenomycete				Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus/	Aesculus	horse chestnuts		dead, cut or fallen	branch				(9-1)
perithecium (stromatic)		stromatic perithecium is saprobic on dead, cut or fallen branch			Aesculus	horse chestnuts	Sapindales: Sapindaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Bionectriaceae/Bionectria ralfsii/	Bionectria ralfsii	a pyrenomycete		stromatic		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Sapindales/Sapindaceae/Aesculus/	Aesculus	horse chestnuts		dead, cut or fallen	branch				(9-1)
Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph		Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead, cut or fallen branch			Taxus baccata	Yew	Pinales: Taxaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Bionectriaceae/Bionectria ralfsii/	Bionectria ralfsii	a pyrenomycete				Myrothecium dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Taxaceae/Taxus baccata/	Taxus baccata	yew		dead, cut or fallen	branch				(9-1)
perithecium (stromatic)		stromatic perithecium is saprobic on dead, cut or fallen branch			Taxus baccata	Yew	Pinales: Taxaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Bionectriaceae/Bionectria ralfsii/	Bionectria ralfsii	a pyrenomycete		stromatic		perithecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Taxaceae/Taxus baccata/	Taxus baccata	yew		dead, cut or fallen	branch				(9-1)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd

Bionectria ralfsii (a pyrenomycete) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Bionectria ralfsii (a pyrenomycete) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Pyrenomycetes
(charcoal fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Bionectria ralfsii (a pyrenomycete)
Genus	Bionectria (a genus of fungi)
Family	BIONECTRIACEAE (a family of prenomycetes and lichens)
Order	HYPOCREALES (an order of ascomycetes and lichens)
Subclass	SORDARIOMYCETIDAE (a subclass of ascomycetes and lichens)
Class	SORDARIOMYCETES (a class of ascomycetes)
Subphylum	PEZIZOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of ascomycetes)
Phylum	ASCOMYCOTA (spore shooters, ascomycete)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Bionectria ralfsii is also a member of:
Pyrenomycetes - charcoal fungi (via Sordariomycetes)
Micromycetes - microfungi (via Ascomycota)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Bionectria ralfsii (a pyrenomycete)

Identification Works

Handling & Magnification	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Robinson, K.	2013	Spring foraying in the Forest of Dean	Field Mycology Vol 14 (2): 41-44.

Bionectria ralfsii (a pyrenomycete) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

BIONECTRIACEAE
(a family of prenomycetes and lichens)

HYPOCREALES
(an order of ascomycetes and lichens)

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Pyrenomycetes
(charcoal fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Bionectria ralfsii (a pyrenomycete):

BIONECTRIACEAE
(a family of prenomycetes and lichens)

HYPOCREALES
(an order of ascomycetes and lichens)

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Pyrenomycetes
(charcoal fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 14 images of Bionectria ralfsii (a pyrenomycete)

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