Polystichum aculeatum (L.) Roth
(Hard Shield-fern)

Interactions where Polystichum aculeatum is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
(live) live is parasitised by uredium Milesina vogesiaca Smooth-spored Fern Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Milesina vogesiaca/Milesina vogesiacasmooth-spored fern rusturedium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Polystichum aculeatum/Polystichum aculeatumhard shield-fernlive uredium parasitises live
(live) live is parasitised by telium Milesina vogesiaca Smooth-spored Fern Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Milesina vogesiaca/Milesina vogesiacasmooth-spored fern rusttelium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Polystichum aculeatum/Polystichum aculeatumhard shield-fernlive telium parasitises live
(live) live is parasitised by uredium Milesina whitei Shield-fern Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Milesina whitei/Milesina whiteishield-fern rusturedium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Polystichum aculeatum/Polystichum aculeatumhard shield-fernlive uredium parasitises live
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by telium Rare Milesina kriegeriana a fern rust Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Milesina kriegeriana/Milesina kriegerianaa fern rusttelium Foodplant / spot causer /Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Polystichum aculeatum/Polystichum aculeatumhard shield-fernliveleafRare telium causes spots on live leaf
leaf (wet, dead) wet, dead leaf is decayed by hypophyllous, sunken, opening by a pore uredium Rare Milesina kriegeriana a fern rust Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Milesina kriegeriana/Milesina kriegerianaa fern rusthypophyllous, sunken, opening by a poreuredium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Polystichum aculeatum/Polystichum aculeatumhard shield-fernwet, deadleafRare hypophyllous, sunken, opening by a pore uredium is saprobic on wet, dead leaf

Author & YearTitleSource
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Polystichum aculeatum (Hard Shield-fern) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesPolystichum aculeatum (Hard Shield-fern)
GenusPolystichum (shield-ferns)
FamilyDRYOPTERIDACEAE (buckler ferns)
OrderPOLYPODIALES (an order of ferns)
ClassPOLYPODIOPSIDA (a class of ferns)
PhylumPTERIDOPHYTA (ferns and allies)
SubkingdomVIRIDIPLANTAE (lower green plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Polystichum aculeatum (Hard Shield-fern)

Polystichum aculeatum (Hard Shield-fern) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Polystichum aculeatum (Hard Shield-fern):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 21 images of Polystichum aculeatum (Hard Shield-fern)
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