APOIDEA Latreille, 1802
(solitary and hive bees)

Interactions where APOIDEA is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season
adult adult pollinates or fertilises flower Anacamptis morio Green-winged Orchid Asparagales: Orchidaceae Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apoidea/Apoideasolitary and hive beesadult Plant / pollinated /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Anacamptis morio/Anacamptis moriogreen-winged orchidflower
pollinates or fertilises flower Cephalanthera longifolia Sword-leaved Helleborine, Narrow-leaved Helleborine Asparagales: Orchidaceae Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apoidea/Apoideasolitary and hive bees Plant / pollinated /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Cephalanthera longifolia/Cephalanthera longifoliasword-leaved helleborine, narrow-leaved helleborineflower
adult adult pollinates or fertilises flower Cypripedium calceolusQuestionable Lady’s Slipper, Lady’s-slipper Asparagales: Orchidaceae Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apoidea/Apoideasolitary and hive beesadult Plant / pollinated /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Cypripedium calceolus/Cypripedium calceoluslady’s slipper, lady's-slipper?flower
adult adult pollinates or fertilises flower Dactylorhiza maculata Heath Spotted-orchid Asparagales: Orchidaceae Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apoidea/Apoideasolitary and hive beesadult Plant / pollinated /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Dactylorhiza maculata/Dactylorhiza maculataheath spotted-orchidflower
adult adult pollinates or fertilises flower Major Himantoglossum hircinumQuestionable Lizard Orchid Asparagales: Orchidaceae Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apoidea/Apoideasolitary and hive beesadult Plant / pollinated /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Himantoglossum hircinum/Himantoglossum hircinumlizard orchid?flowerMajor
adult adult pollinates or fertilises flower Minor Orchis mascula Early Purple Orchid, Early-purple Orchid Asparagales: Orchidaceae Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apoidea/Apoideasolitary and hive beesadult Plant / pollinated /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Orchis mascula/Orchis masculaearly purple orchid, early-purple orchidflowerMinor
adult adult pollinates or fertilises flower Major Serapias lingua Greater Tongue Orchid, Tongue-orchid Asparagales: Orchidaceae Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide, Harrap, A. & S., 2009
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apoidea/Apoideasolitary and hive beesadult Plant / pollinated /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asparagales/Orchidaceae/Serapias lingua/Serapias linguagreater tongue orchid, tongue-orchidflowerMajor

Interactions where APOIDEA is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is taken to the nest of female UK/Ireland Cerceris rybyensis Ornate Tailed Digger Wasp Hymenoptera: Crabronidae Forage, prey and host-parasite relationships of aculeates, Macdonald, M.A., 2007
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Crabronidae/Cerceris rybyensis/Cerceris rybyensisornate tailed digger waspfemale Animal / predator / stocks nest withUK and/or Eire /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apoidea/Apoideasolitary and hive bees female stocks nest with
is parasitised by Aspergillus dematiaceous anamorph Aspergillus parasiticus a dematiaceous hyphomycete Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae Aspergillus parasiticus, Kozakiewicz, Z., 1990
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Eurotiales/Trichocomaceae/Aspergillus parasiticus/Aspergillus parasiticusa dematiaceous hyphomyceteAspergillus dematiaceous anamorph Animal / parasite /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apoidea/Apoideasolitary and hive bees Aspergillus dematiaceous anamorph parasitises
is parasitised by Aspergillus dematiaceous anamorph Aspergillus tamarii a dematiaceous hyphomycete Eurotiales: Trichocomaceae Aspergillus tamarii, Kozakiewicz, Z., 1990
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Eurotiomycetes/Eurotiales/Trichocomaceae/Aspergillus tamarii/Aspergillus tamariia dematiaceous hyphomyceteAspergillus dematiaceous anamorph Animal / parasite /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Apoidea/Apoideasolitary and hive bees Aspergillus dematiaceous anamorph parasitises

Author & YearTitleSource
Harrap, A. & S., 2009Orchids of Britain & Ireland: a field and site guide2nd edition, 480pp, A&C Black Publishers Ltd
Kozakiewicz, Z., 1990Aspergillus tamariiI.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 995: Half-tone photograph and SEM micrographs.
Kozakiewicz, Z., 1990Aspergillus parasiticusI.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 994.
Macdonald, M.A., 2007Forage, prey and host-parasite relationships of aculeates

APOIDEA (solitary and hive bees) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

APOIDEA (solitary and hive bees) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa		 No of
interactions		 No of
references
ANDRENIDAE
a family of solitary bees
Family 42 subtaxa 74 trophisms 6 references
APIDAE
bees
Family 63 subtaxa 176 trophisms 50 references
COLLETIDAE
plasterer and yellow-faced bees
Family 8 subtaxa 13 trophisms 8 references
CRABRONIDAE
a family of solitary wasps
Family 98 subtaxa 126 trophisms 5 references
HALICTIDAE
a family of solitary bees
Family 31 subtaxa 58 trophisms 8 references
MEGACHILIDAE
a family of solitary bees
Family 29 subtaxa 79 trophisms 14 references
MELITTIDAE
a family of solitary bees
Family 5 subtaxa 8 trophisms
SCOLIIDAE
scoliid wasps
Family 1 references
SPHECIDAE
a family of solitary wasps
Family 5 subtaxa 13 trophisms 11 references
Taxonomic hierarchy:
SuperfamilyAPOIDEA (solitary and hive bees)
InfraorderAculeata (aculeates: bees, wasps and ants)
SuborderAPOCRITA (bees, wasps, ants and parasitoids)
OrderHYMENOPTERA (ants, bees and wasps, sawflies and parasitoid wasps)
Division Endopterygota (bees, beetles, flies, moths and other insects with wings developing internally)
InfraclassNeoptera (bees, beetles, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other advanced insects)
SubclassPTERYGOTA (bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)
ClassINSECTA (true insects)
SubphylumHEXAPODA (insects and other 6-legged organisms)
PhylumARTHROPODA (arthropods)
SuperphylumECDYSOZOA (skin shedders)
CladeBilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
SubkingdomEUMETAZOA (metazoans)
KingdomANIMALIA (animals)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for APOIDEA (solitary and hive bees)

Identification Works

Handling & MagnificationAuthorYearTitleSource
Baker, E. (moderator) Identification key to the European genera of bees (Insecta:Apoidea) alarm.myspecies.info/content/identification-european-bee-genera
Else, G.R. & Edwards, M. 2018 Handbook of the Bees of the British Isles 2 vols, 775pp, The Ray Society, London
Falk, S. Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants and relatives) www.flickr.com/photos/63075200@N07/collections/72157629294459686/
() Falk, S.J. 2015 Field guide to the Bees of Great Britain and Ireland British Willdife Field Guides, 432pp, Bloomsbury Books
Wallays, H. "Intruiged by nature" Photography intruigingnature.photodeck.com/
Williams, R. & Edwards, M. 2012 An Introduction to Bees in Britain

Genus Key

Williams, R. & Edwards, M. 2012 An Introduction to Bees in Britain

APOIDEA (solitary and hive bees) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Droege, S. 2012 The Very Handy Manual: How to Catch and Identify Bees and Manage a Collection 73pp
Hislop, L. 2010 Information Sheet 14: Gardening for bees - Spring
Hislop, L. 2010 Information Sheet 15: Gardening for Bees - Summer
Hislop, L. 2010 Information Sheet 16: Gardening for Bees - Autumn
Michener, C.D. 2007 The bees of the World 2nd edition edition

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to APOIDEA (solitary and hive bees):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 998 images of APOIDEA (solitary and hive bees)
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