Betula papyrifera Marshall
(Paper Birch)

Interactions where Betula papyrifera is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
twig (dead)		dead twig is decayed by verruciform, scattered, erumpent, black stroma of Fusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph			Fusicoccum betulae	a stromatic coelomycete	Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Botryosphaeriaceae/Fusicoccum betulae/	Fusicoccum betulae	a stromatic coelomycete		verruciform, scattered, erumpent, black	stroma	Fusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula papyrifera/	Betula papyrifera	paper birch		dead	twig				(4)	verruciform, scattered, erumpent, black stroma of Fusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig

Author & Year	Title	Source
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press

Betula papyrifera (Paper Birch) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Betula
(birches)

EU-DICOTS
(dicotyledonous flowering plants)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Trees with bark of low pH
(acid-barked trees)

Trees
(broadleaved and coniferous trees)

Ectomycorrhizal broadleaved trees and shrubs
(ectomycorrhizal or ectotrophic mycorrhizal broadleaved trees and shrubs)

Ectomycorrhizal trees and shrubs
(ectomycorrhizal or ectotrophic mycorrhizal trees and shrubs)

Broadleaved trees and shrubs
(broadleaved trees and shrubs)

Xylophytes
(broadleaved trees, shrubs and woody climbers)

Trees and shrubs
(trees and shrubs, including conifers)

Broadleaved trees
(broadleaved, frondose or deciduous trees)

Trees, shrubs, woody and climbing plants
(trees, shrubs, subshrubs and climbers, including conifers)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Betula papyrifera (Paper Birch)
Genus	Betula (birches)
Family	BETULACEAE (birches, hazels, hornbeams and alders)
Order	FAGALES (forest trees)
Subclass	EU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Betula papyrifera (Paper Birch)

Betula papyrifera (Paper Birch) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Betula
(birches)

FAGALES
(forest trees)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Trees
(broadleaved and coniferous trees)

Xylophytes
(broadleaved trees, shrubs and woody climbers)

Trees and shrubs
(trees and shrubs, including conifers)

Broadleaved trees
(broadleaved, frondose or deciduous trees)

Trees, shrubs, woody and climbing plants
(trees, shrubs, subshrubs and climbers, including conifers)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Betula papyrifera (Paper Birch):

Betula
(birches)

BETULACEAE
(birches, hazels, hornbeams and alders)

FAGALES
(forest trees)

MAGNOLIOPSIDA
(flowering plants)

TRACHEOPHYTA
(vascular plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Trees
(broadleaved and coniferous trees)

Ectomycorrhizal broadleaved trees and shrubs
(ectomycorrhizal or ectotrophic mycorrhizal broadleaved trees and shrubs)

Ectomycorrhizal trees and shrubs
(ectomycorrhizal or ectotrophic mycorrhizal trees and shrubs)

Broadleaved trees and shrubs
(broadleaved trees and shrubs)

Xylophytes
(broadleaved trees, shrubs and woody climbers)

Trees and shrubs
(trees and shrubs, including conifers)

Broadleaved trees
(broadleaved, frondose or deciduous trees)

Trees, shrubs, woody and climbing plants
(trees, shrubs, subshrubs and climbers, including conifers)

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 5 images of Betula papyrifera (Paper Birch)

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