PINACEAE
(pines, firs, spruces, cedars, larches)

Interactions where PINACEAE is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
wood wood may contain larva Restricted Sirex juvencus Bull Woodwasp Hymenoptera: Siricidae Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (a), Benson, R.B., 1951
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Siricidae/Sirex juvencus/Sirex juvencusbull woodwasplarva Foodplant / internal feeder /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinaceaepines, firs, spruces, cedars, larcheswoodSole larva feeds within wood
wood wood may contain larva UK/IrelandRestricted Sirex torvus Grim Woodwasp Hymenoptera: Siricidae Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (a), Benson, R.B., 1951
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Siricidae/Sirex torvus/Sirex torvusgrim woodwasplarva Foodplant / internal feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinaceaepines, firs, spruces, cedars, larcheswoodSole larva feeds within wood
wood wood may contain larva UK/IrelandRestricted Urocerus gigas Greater Horntail Wasp Hymenoptera: Siricidae Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (a), Benson, R.B., 1951
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hymenoptera/Siricidae/Urocerus gigas/Urocerus gigasgreater horntail wasplarva Foodplant / internal feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Pinopsida/Pinales/Pinaceae/Pinaceaepines, firs, spruces, cedars, larcheswoodSole larva feeds within wood

Author & YearTitleSource
Benson, R.B., 1951Hymenoptera: 2. Symphyta. Section (a)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol VI, Part 2(a), 49pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

PINACEAE (pines, firs, spruces, cedars, larches) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa		 No of
interactions		 No of
references
Abies
firs
Genus 9 subtaxa 217 trophisms
Cedrus
cedars
Genus 3 subtaxa 54 trophisms
Larix
larches
Genus 3 subtaxa 278 trophisms 1 references
Picea
spruces
Genus 9 subtaxa 585 trophisms 4 references
Pinus
pines
Genus 26 subtaxa 1,459 trophisms 13 references
Pseudotsuga menziesii
Douglas Fir
Species 108 trophisms
Tsuga
hemlocks
Genus 2 subtaxa 11 trophisms
Taxonomic hierarchy:
FamilyPINACEAE (pines, firs, spruces, cedars, larches)
OrderPINALES (conifers)
ClassPINOPSIDA (conifers)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for PINACEAE (pines, firs, spruces, cedars, larches)

PINACEAE (pines, firs, spruces, cedars, larches) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource

Mycorrhiza

Taylor, A.S. & Alexander, I. 2005 The ectomycorrhizal symbiosis: life in the real world Mycologist Vol 19 (3): 102-112.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to PINACEAE (pines, firs, spruces, cedars, larches):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 384 images of PINACEAE (pines, firs, spruces, cedars, larches)
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