Dryopteris filix-mas (L.) Schott
(Common Male Fern, Male-fern)

Interactions where Dryopteris filix-mas is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
(dead, decayed)		dead, decayed debris is decayed by fruitbody			Mycena pterigena	Ferny Bonnet	Agaricales: Mycenaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Mycenaceae/Mycena pterigena/	Mycena pterigena	ferny bonnet				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Dryopteris filix-mas/	Dryopteris filix-mas	common male fern, male-fern		dead, decayed		debris				fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed debris
frond (dead, decayed)		dead, decayed frond is decayed by fruitbody			Ramariopsis crocea	Orange Coral	Agaricales: Clavariaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Clavariaceae/Ramariopsis crocea/	Ramariopsis crocea	orange coral				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Dryopteris filix-mas/	Dryopteris filix-mas	common male fern, male-fern		dead, decayed	frond					fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed frond
frond (dead, decayed)		dead, decayed frond is decayed by fruitbody			Trechispora microspora	a basidiomycete fungus	Trechisporales: Hydnodontaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Trechisporales/Hydnodontaceae/Trechispora microspora/	Trechispora microspora	a basidiomycete fungus				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Dryopteris filix-mas/	Dryopteris filix-mas	common male fern, male-fern		dead, decayed	frond		Rare			fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed frond
frond (moribund)		moribund frond is spotted by			Herpobasidium filicinum	a pucciniomycete	Platygloeales: Eocronartiaceae	New or interesting British fungi, Dennis, R.W.G. & Wakefield, E.M., 1946 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Platygloeales/Eocronartiaceae/Herpobasidium filicinum/	Herpobasidium filicinum	a pucciniomycete					Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Dryopteris filix-mas/	Dryopteris filix-mas	common male fern, male-fern		moribund	frond					causes spots on moribund frond
frond (sickly)		sickly frond is spotted by			Herpobasidium filicinum	a pucciniomycete	Platygloeales: Eocronartiaceae	New or interesting British fungi, Dennis, R.W.G. & Wakefield, E.M., 1946 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Platygloeales/Eocronartiaceae/Herpobasidium filicinum/	Herpobasidium filicinum	a pucciniomycete					Foodplant / spot causer		UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Dryopteris filix-mas/	Dryopteris filix-mas	common male fern, male-fern		sickly	frond					causes spots on sickly frond
leaf (rachis & veins) (dead)		dead leaf (rachis & veins) is decayed by subcuticular thyriothecium			Leptopeltis filicina	a fly speck fungus	Microthyriales: Leptopeltidaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Microthyriales/Leptopeltidaceae/Leptopeltis filicina/	Leptopeltis filicina	a fly speck fungus		subcuticular		thyriothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Dryopteris filix-mas/	Dryopteris filix-mas	common male fern, male-fern		dead	leaf (rachis & veins)					subcuticular thyriothecium is saprobic on dead leaf (rachis & veins)
leaf (dead, over-wintered)		dead, over-wintered leaf is decayed by colony of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph			Ramularia pteridiicola	(An Anamorphic Fungus)	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Ramularia pteridiicola/	Ramularia pteridiicola	(an anamorphic fungus)			colony	Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		Foreign	/Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Dryopteris filix-mas/	Dryopteris filix-mas	common male fern, male-fern		dead, over-wintered	leaf					colony of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead, over-wintered leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf may be infected and damaged by amphigenous ascoma			Taphrina athyrii	a tongue fungus	Taphrinales: Taphrinaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Taphrinomycetes/Taphrinales/Taphrinaceae/Taphrina athyrii/	Taphrina athyrii	a tongue fungus		amphigenous		ascoma	Foodplant / pathogen			/Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Dryopteris filix-mas/	Dryopteris filix-mas	common male fern, male-fern		live	leaf				(8-9)	amphigenous ascoma infects and damages live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is galled by ascoma			Taphrina vestergrenii	a tongue fungus	Taphrinales: Taphrinaceae	A Taphrina on Dryopteris carthusiana in Slovakia, Bacigálová, K., Mulenko, W. & Prillinger, H. , 2002 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Taphrinomycetes/Taphrinales/Taphrinaceae/Taphrina vestergrenii/	Taphrina vestergrenii	a tongue fungus				ascoma	Foodplant / gall			/Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Dryopteris filix-mas/	Dryopteris filix-mas	common male fern, male-fern		live	leaf					ascoma causes gall of live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is spotted by telium			Milesina carpatorum	Male Fern Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Milesina carpatorum/	Milesina carpatorum	male fern rust				telium	Foodplant / spot causer			/Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Dryopteris filix-mas/	Dryopteris filix-mas	common male fern, male-fern		live	leaf					telium causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)		live leaf is spotted by telium			Milesina kriegeriana	a fern rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Milesina kriegeriana/	Milesina kriegeriana	a fern rust				telium	Foodplant / spot causer			/Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Dryopteris filix-mas/	Dryopteris filix-mas	common male fern, male-fern		live	leaf					telium causes spots on live leaf
leaf (wet, dead)		wet, dead leaf is decayed by hypophyllous uredium			Milesina carpatorum	Male Fern Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Milesina carpatorum/	Milesina carpatorum	male fern rust		hypophyllous		uredium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Dryopteris filix-mas/	Dryopteris filix-mas	common male fern, male-fern		wet, dead	leaf					hypophyllous uredium is saprobic on wet, dead leaf
leaf (wet, dead)		wet, dead leaf is decayed by hypophyllous, sunken, opening by a pore uredium			Milesina kriegeriana	a fern rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniastraceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniastraceae/Milesina kriegeriana/	Milesina kriegeriana	a fern rust		hypophyllous, sunken, opening by a pore		uredium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Dryopteris filix-mas/	Dryopteris filix-mas	common male fern, male-fern		wet, dead	leaf					hypophyllous, sunken, opening by a pore uredium is saprobic on wet, dead leaf
rachis (base)		rachis (base) is decayed by densely clustered, thick-stalked apothecium			Allophylaria campanuliformis	a discomycete	Helotiales: Helotiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Helotiaceae/Allophylaria campanuliformis/	Allophylaria campanuliformis	a discomycete		densely clustered, thick-stalked		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Dryopteris filix-mas/	Dryopteris filix-mas	common male fern, male-fern			rachis (base)					densely clustered, thick-stalked apothecium is saprobic on rachis (base)
rachis (dead)		dead rachis is decayed by short-stalked apothecium			Psilachnum chrysostigmum	a discomycete	Helotiales: Hyaloscyphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Hyaloscyphaceae/Psilachnum chrysostigmum/	Psilachnum chrysostigmum	a discomycete		short-stalked		apothecium	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Dryopteris filix-mas/	Dryopteris filix-mas	common male fern, male-fern		dead	rachis				(10-5)	short-stalked apothecium is saprobic on dead rachis
stem (dead,)		dead, stem is decayed by fruitbody			Apioperdon pyriforme	Stump Puffball	Agaricales: Agaricaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Agaricaceae/Apioperdon pyriforme/	Apioperdon pyriforme	stump puffball				fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Pteridophyta/Polypodiopsida/Polypodiales/Dryopteridaceae/Dryopteris filix-mas/	Dryopteris filix-mas	common male fern, male-fern		dead,	stem		Rare			fruitbody is saprobic on dead, stem

Author & Year	Title	Source
Bacigálová, K., Mulenko, W. & Prillinger, H. , 2002	A Taphrina on Dryopteris carthusiana in Slovakia	Mycotaxon Vol 84: 387-390.
Braun, U., 1998	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II	Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 2, 493pp, IHW-Verlag
Dennis, R.W.G. & Wakefield, E.M., 1946	New or interesting British fungi	TBMS Vol 29 (3): 141-166.
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Dryopteris filix-mas (Common Male Fern, Male-fern) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Dryopteris filix-mas agg.
(male fern)

Dryopteris
(buckler ferns)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Dryopteris filix-mas (Common Male Fern, Male-fern)
Species aggregate	Dryopteris filix-mas agg. (male fern)
Genus	Dryopteris (buckler ferns)
Family	DRYOPTERIDACEAE (buckler ferns)
Order	POLYPODIALES (an order of ferns)
Class	POLYPODIOPSIDA (a class of ferns)
Phylum	PTERIDOPHYTA (ferns and allies)
Subkingdom	VIRIDIPLANTAE (lower green plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Dryopteris filix-mas is also a member of:
Macrophytes - multi-cellular plants (via Pteridophyta)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Dryopteris filix-mas (Common Male Fern, Male-fern)

Dryopteris filix-mas (Common Male Fern, Male-fern) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Dryopteris
(buckler ferns)

PTERIDOPHYTA
(ferns and allies)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Dryopteris filix-mas (Common Male Fern, Male-fern):

Dryopteris
(buckler ferns)

PTERIDOPHYTA
(ferns and allies)

VIRIDIPLANTAE
(lower green plants)

PLANTAE
(plants)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 3 images of Dryopteris filix-mas (Common Male Fern, Male-fern)

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