Phalacrotophora berolinensis Schmitz, 1920
(a scuttle fly)

Interactions where Phalacrotophora berolinensis is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
larva		larva is endoparasitoid of prepupa			Adalia bipunctata	Two-spot Ladybird, 2-spot Ladybird	Coleoptera: Coccinellidae	Ladybirds, Majerus, M. & Kearns, P., 1989	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Phoridae/Phalacrotophora berolinensis/	Phalacrotophora berolinensis	a scuttle fly				larva	Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid			/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Adalia bipunctata/	Adalia bipunctata	two-spot ladybird, 2-spot ladybird				prepupa
larva		larva is endoparasitoid of pupa (newly formed)			Adalia bipunctata	Two-spot Ladybird, 2-spot Ladybird	Coleoptera: Coccinellidae	Ladybirds, Majerus, M. & Kearns, P., 1989	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Phoridae/Phalacrotophora berolinensis/	Phalacrotophora berolinensis	a scuttle fly				larva	Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid			/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Adalia bipunctata/	Adalia bipunctata	two-spot ladybird, 2-spot ladybird				pupa (newly formed)
larva		larva is endoparasitoid of prepupa			Anatis ocellata	Eyed Ladybird	Coleoptera: Coccinellidae	Ladybirds, Majerus, M. & Kearns, P., 1989	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Phoridae/Phalacrotophora berolinensis/	Phalacrotophora berolinensis	a scuttle fly				larva	Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid			/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Anatis ocellata/	Anatis ocellata	eyed ladybird				prepupa
larva		larva is endoparasitoid of pupa (newly formed)			Anatis ocellata	Eyed Ladybird	Coleoptera: Coccinellidae	Ladybirds, Majerus, M. & Kearns, P., 1989	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Phoridae/Phalacrotophora berolinensis/	Phalacrotophora berolinensis	a scuttle fly				larva	Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid			/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Anatis ocellata/	Anatis ocellata	eyed ladybird				pupa (newly formed)
larva		larva is endoparasitoid of prepupa			Aphidecta obliterata	Larch Ladybird	Coleoptera: Coccinellidae	Ladybirds, Majerus, M. & Kearns, P., 1989	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Phoridae/Phalacrotophora berolinensis/	Phalacrotophora berolinensis	a scuttle fly				larva	Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid			/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Aphidecta obliterata/	Aphidecta obliterata	larch ladybird				prepupa
larva		larva is endoparasitoid of pupa (newly formed)			Aphidecta obliterata	Larch Ladybird	Coleoptera: Coccinellidae	Ladybirds, Majerus, M. & Kearns, P., 1989	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Phoridae/Phalacrotophora berolinensis/	Phalacrotophora berolinensis	a scuttle fly				larva	Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid			/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Aphidecta obliterata/	Aphidecta obliterata	larch ladybird				pupa (newly formed)
larva		larva is endoparasitoid of prepupa			Harmonia quadripunctata	Four-spot Ladybird, 4-spot Ladybird, Cream-streaked Ladybird	Coleoptera: Coccinellidae	Ladybirds, Majerus, M. & Kearns, P., 1989	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Phoridae/Phalacrotophora berolinensis/	Phalacrotophora berolinensis	a scuttle fly				larva	Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid			/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Harmonia quadripunctata/	Harmonia quadripunctata	four-spot ladybird, 4-spot ladybird, cream-streaked ladybird				prepupa
larva		larva is endoparasitoid of pupa (newly formed)			Harmonia quadripunctata	Four-spot Ladybird, 4-spot Ladybird, Cream-streaked Ladybird	Coleoptera: Coccinellidae	Ladybirds, Majerus, M. & Kearns, P., 1989	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Phoridae/Phalacrotophora berolinensis/	Phalacrotophora berolinensis	a scuttle fly				larva	Animal / parasitoid / endoparasitoid			/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Coccinellidae/Harmonia quadripunctata/	Harmonia quadripunctata	four-spot ladybird, 4-spot ladybird, cream-streaked ladybird				pupa (newly formed)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Majerus, M. & Kearns, P., 1989	Ladybirds	Naturalists’ Handbooks, 10, 103pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd

Phalacrotophora berolinensis (a scuttle fly) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

DIPTERA
(two-winged flies)

INSECTA
(true insects)

Phalacrotophora berolinensis (a scuttle fly) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

DIPTERA
(two-winged flies)

INSECTA
(true insects)

HEXAPODA
(insects and other 6-legged organisms)

ARTHROPODA
(arthropods)

ANIMALIA
(animals)

Invertebrates
(Invertebrates)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Phalacrotophora berolinensis (a scuttle fly)
Genus	Phalacrotophora (ladybird parasite scuttle flies)
Family	PHORIDAE (scuttle flies)
Superfamily	PLATYPEZOIDEA (scuttle flies, flat-footed flies & big-footed flies)
Infraorder	Eremoneura - Cyclorrhapha (an infraorder of flies)
Order	DIPTERA (two-winged flies)
Division	Endopterygota (bees, beetles, flies, moths and other insects with wings developing internally)
Infraclass	Neoptera (bees, beetles, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other advanced insects)
Subclass	PTERYGOTA (bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)
Class	INSECTA (true insects)
Subphylum	HEXAPODA (insects and other 6-legged organisms)
Phylum	ARTHROPODA (arthropods)
Superphylum	ECDYSOZOA (skin shedders)
Clade	Bilateria (bilaterally symmetrical animals)
Subkingdom	EUMETAZOA (metazoans)
Kingdom	ANIMALIA (animals)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Phalacrotophora berolinensis is also a member of:
Invertebrates - Invertebrates (via Arthropoda)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Phalacrotophora berolinensis (a scuttle fly)

Phalacrotophora berolinensis (a scuttle fly) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Phalacrotophora
(ladybird parasite scuttle flies)

PHORIDAE
(scuttle flies)

DIPTERA
(two-winged flies)

INSECTA
(true insects)

HEXAPODA
(insects and other 6-legged organisms)

ARTHROPODA
(arthropods)

ANIMALIA
(animals)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Phalacrotophora berolinensis (a scuttle fly):

Phalacrotophora
(ladybird parasite scuttle flies)

PHORIDAE
(scuttle flies)

DIPTERA
(two-winged flies)

PTERYGOTA
(bees, beetles, dragonflies, flies, grasshoppers, moths and other winged insects)

INSECTA
(true insects)

HEXAPODA
(insects and other 6-legged organisms)

ARTHROPODA
(arthropods)

EUMETAZOA
(metazoans)

ANIMALIA
(animals)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Invertebrates
(Invertebrates)

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