Usnea florida (L.) F.H. Wigg.
(Witches’ Whiskers Lichen)

Interactions where Usnea florida is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
		apothecium is parasitised by pycnidium of Lichenoconium coelomycetous anamorph			Lichenoconium cargillianum	a lichenicolous coelomycete	Lichenoconiales: Lichenoconiaceae	A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Lichenoconiales/Lichenoconiaceae/Lichenoconium cargillianum/	Lichenoconium cargillianum	a lichenicolous coelomycete			pycnidium	Lichenoconium coelomycetous anamorph	Lichen / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Lecanorales/Parmeliaceae/Usnea florida/	Usnea florida	witches' whiskers lichen				apothecium				pycnidium of Lichenoconium coelomycetous anamorph parasitises apothecium
branch (terminal)		branch (terminal) is galled by basidioma			Biatoropsis usnearum	a jelly fungus	Tremellales: Tremellaceae	Biatoropsis usnearum Rasanen, and other heterobasidiomycetes on Usnea, Diederich, P. & Christiansen, M.S., 1994	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Tremellales/Tremellaceae/Biatoropsis usnearum/	Biatoropsis usnearum	a jelly fungus				basidioma	Lichen / gall			/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Lecanorales/Parmeliaceae/Usnea florida/	Usnea florida	witches' whiskers lichen			branch (terminal)					basidioma causes galls on branch (terminal)
thallus tip		thallus tip is galled by largely superficial, clustered perithecium			Endococcus apiciicola	a lichenicolous fungus		Biatoropsis usnearum Rasanen, and other heterobasidiomycetes on Usnea, Diederich, P. & Christiansen, M.S., 1994 A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Endococcus apiciicola/	Endococcus apiciicola	a lichenicolous fungus		largely superficial, clustered		perithecium	Lichen / gall		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Lecanorales/Parmeliaceae/Usnea florida/	Usnea florida	witches' whiskers lichen			thallus tip					largely superficial, clustered perithecium causes galls on thallus tip

Author & Year	Title	Source
Diederich, P. & Christiansen, M.S., 1994	Biatoropsis usnearum Rasanen, and other heterobasidiomycetes on Usnea	Lichenologist Vol 26 (1): 47-66.
Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles	44pp, The British Lichen Society

Usnea florida (Witches’ Whiskers Lichen) may be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Usnea florida (Witches’ Whiskers Lichen) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Usnea
(beard lichens, old man’s beard)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Lichenes
(lichens)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Species	Usnea florida (Witches’ Whiskers Lichen)
Genus	Usnea (beard lichens, old man’s beard)
Family	PARMELIACEAE (a family of lichens)
Order	LECANORALES (an order of lichens)
Subclass	LECANOROMYCETIDAE (a subclass of lichens)
Class	LECANOROMYCETES (a class of lichens)
Subphylum	PEZIZOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of ascomycetes)
Phylum	ASCOMYCOTA (spore shooters, ascomycete)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Usnea florida is also a member of:
Lichenes - lichens (via Lecanoromycetidae)
Micromycetes - microfungi (via Ascomycota)
Fungi s.l. - fungi (in the broad sense) (via Fungi)
Lower Plants - lower plants (via Fungi s.l.)

NBN

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Usnea florida (Witches’ Whiskers Lichen)

Usnea florida (Witches’ Whiskers Lichen) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Lichenes
(lichens)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Usnea florida (Witches’ Whiskers Lichen):

Usnea
(beard lichens, old man’s beard)

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Lichenes
(lichens)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

BioImages

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 19 images of Usnea florida (Witches’ Whiskers Lichen)

Creative Commons License

This website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence.

Unless otherwise expressly stated, all original material on the BioInfo website by Malcolm Storey is licensed under the above Creative Commons Licence.

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)