Usnea (beard lichens, old man's beard)

Interactions where Usnea is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season	Summary
branch (terminal)		branch (terminal) is galled by basidioma			Biatoropsis usnearum	a jelly fungus	Tremellales: Tremellaceae	Biatoropsis usnearum Rasanen, and other heterobasidiomycetes on Usnea, Diederich, P. & Christiansen, M.S., 1994 A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Tremellomycetes/Tremellales/Tremellaceae/Biatoropsis usnearum/	Biatoropsis usnearum	a jelly fungus				basidioma	Lichen / gall		Foreign	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Lecanorales/Parmeliaceae/Usnea/	Usnea	beard lichens, old man's beard			branch (terminal)					basidioma causes galls on branch (terminal)
thallus		thallus is parasitised by apothecium			Abrothallus usneae	a lichenicolous ascomycete	Abrothallales: Abrothallaceae	A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Abrothallales/Abrothallaceae/Abrothallus usneae/	Abrothallus usneae	a lichenicolous ascomycete				apothecium	Lichen / parasite		UK and/or Eire	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Lecanorales/Parmeliaceae/Usnea/	Usnea	beard lichens, old man's beard			thallus					apothecium parasitises thallus

Author & Year	Title	Source
Diederich, P. & Christiansen, M.S., 1994	Biatoropsis usnearum Rasanen, and other heterobasidiomycetes on Usnea	Lichenologist Vol 26 (1): 47-66.
Hawksworth, D.L., 1983	A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles	44pp, The British Lichen Society
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew

Usnea (beard lichens, old man’s beard) may be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Usnea (beard lichens, old man’s beard) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Lichenes
(lichens)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Subtaxon	Rank	Featured subtaxa	No of interactions
Usnea articulata a beard lichen	Species		1 trophisms
Usnea ceratina a beard lichen	Species		1 trophisms
Usnea cornuta s. lat. sensu auct. brit. a beard lichen	Species		1 trophisms
Usnea dasopoga a beard lichen	Species		1 trophisms
Usnea esperantiana a beard lichen	Species		1 trophisms
Usnea flammea a beard lichen	Species		1 trophisms
Usnea florida Witches’ Whiskers Lichen	Species		3 trophisms
Usnea fragilescens a beard lichen	Species	1 subtaxa	1 trophisms
Usnea fulvoreagens a beard lichen	Species		1 trophisms
Usnea glabrata a beard lichen	Species		1 trophisms
Usnea glabrescens a beard lichen	Species		1 trophisms
Usnea hirta a beard lichen	Species		1 trophisms
Usnea lapponica a beard lichen	Species		1 trophisms
Usnea rubicunda a beard lichen	Species		1 trophisms
Usnea subfloridana a beard lichen	Species		2 trophisms

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Usnea (beard lichens, old man’s beard)

Usnea (beard lichens, old man’s beard) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Lichenes
(lichens)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

General Works

Author	Year	Title	Source
Parasites
Diederich, P. & Christiansen, M.S.	1994	Biatoropsis usnearum Rasanen, and other heterobasidiomycetes on Usnea	Lichenologist Vol 26 (1): 47-66.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Usnea (beard lichens, old man’s beard):

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Lichenes
(lichens)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 42 images of Usnea (beard lichens, old man’s beard)

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Unless otherwise expressly stated, all original material on the BioInfo website by Malcolm Storey is licensed under the above Creative Commons Licence.

Genus	Usnea (beard lichens, old man’s beard)
Family	PARMELIACEAE (a family of lichens)
Order	LECANORALES (an order of lichens)
Subclass	LECANOROMYCETIDAE (a subclass of lichens)
Class	LECANOROMYCETES (a class of lichens)
Subphylum	PEZIZOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of ascomycetes)
Phylum	ASCOMYCOTA (spore shooters, ascomycete)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Usnea Dill. ex Adans.
(beard lichens, old man’s beard)

Interactions where Usnea is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Usnea is also a member of:

General Works

Parasites

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)