Parmelia Ach.
(a genus of leafy lichens)

Interactions where Parmelia is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is associate of Major Loricula elegantula a minute bug Hemiptera: Microphysidae Land and Water Bugs of the British Isles, Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Microphysidae/Loricula elegantula/Loricula elegantulaa minute bug Lichen / associate /Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Lecanorales/Parmeliaceae/Parmelia/Parmeliaa genus of leafy lichensMajor is associated with
thallus thallus is parasitised by apothecium UK/Ireland Abrothallus parmeliarum a lichenicolus ascomycete Abrothallales: Abrothallaceae A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Abrothallales/Abrothallaceae/Abrothallus parmeliarum/Abrothallus parmeliaruma lichenicolus ascomyceteapothecium Lichen / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Lecanorales/Parmeliaceae/Parmelia/Parmeliaa genus of leafy lichensthallus apothecium parasitises thallus
thallus thallus may be infected and damaged by colony of Refractohilum anamorph Foreign Refractohilum achromaticum a lichenicolous anamorphic fungus The Lichenicolous Hyphomycetes, Hawksworth, D.L., 1979
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Refractohilum achromaticum/Refractohilum achromaticuma lichenicolous anamorphic funguscolonyRefractohilum anamorph Lichen / pathogenForeign /Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Lecanorales/Parmeliaceae/Parmelia/Parmeliaa genus of leafy lichensthallus colony of Refractohilum anamorph infects and damages thallus
thallus thallus of grey species is parasitised by pycnidium of Vouauxiomyces coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Vouauxiomyces santessonii a lichenicolous coelomycete A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles, Hawksworth, D.L., 1983
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Vouauxiomyces santessonii/Vouauxiomyces santessoniia lichenicolous coelomycetepycnidiumVouauxiomyces coelomycetous anamorph Lichen / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Lecanorales/Parmeliaceae/Parmelia/Parmeliaa genus of leafy lichensthallusgrey species pycnidium of Vouauxiomyces coelomycetous anamorph parasitises thallus of grey species

Author & YearTitleSource
Hawksworth, D.L., 1979The Lichenicolous HyphomycetesBull. Br. mus. nat. hist. bot. Vol 6 (3): 183-300.
Hawksworth, D.L., 1983A Key to the Lichen-forming, Parasitic, Parasymbiotic and Saprophytic Fungi occurring on Lichens in the British Isles44pp, The British Lichen Society
Southwood, T.R.E. & Leston, D., 1959Land and Water Bugs of the British IslesWayside & Woodland Series, 1959 edition, 436pp, Frederick Warne & Co. Ltd.

Parmelia (a genus of leafy lichens) may be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Parmelia (a genus of leafy lichens) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Subtaxon Rank Featured
subtaxa		 No of
interactions		 No of
references
Parmelia omphalodes agg.
brown Parmelia lichens
Species aggregate 1 subtaxa 5 trophisms 1 references
Parmelia saxatilis s. lat.
a group of foliose lichens
Species sensu lato 7 trophisms 1 references
Parmelia sulcata
Netted Shield Lichen
Species 8 trophisms 1 references
Taxonomic hierarchy:
GenusParmelia (a genus of leafy lichens)
FamilyPARMELIACEAE (a family of lichens)
OrderLECANORALES (an order of lichens)
SubclassLECANOROMYCETIDAE (a subclass of lichens)
ClassLECANOROMYCETES (a class of lichens)
SubphylumPEZIZOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of ascomycetes)
PhylumASCOMYCOTA (spore shooters, ascomycete)
KingdomFUNGI (true fungi)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Parmelia (a genus of leafy lichens)

Parmelia (a genus of leafy lichens) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Parmelia (a genus of leafy lichens):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 24 images of Parmelia (a genus of leafy lichens)
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