Phoma (a form genus of coelomycetes)

Interactions where Phoma is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage		Summary			Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active Taxon Uncertain	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Uncertain	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Stage	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Indoors etc	Season
		is associated with			Xanthoria parietina	Common Orange Lichen	Teloschistales: Teloschistaceae	Capronia suijae (Herpotrichiellaceae, Eurotiomycetes), a new fungus on Xanthoria parietina from Belarus, with a key to the lichenicolous species growing on Xanthoria s. str., Tsurykau, A. & Etayo, J., 2017	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phoma/	Phoma	a form genus of coelomycetes					Lichen / associate			/Fungi/Ascomycota/Lecanoromycetes/Teloschistales/Teloschistaceae/Xanthoria parietina/	Xanthoria parietina	common orange lichen
Phoma coelomycetous anamorph (immersed or semi-immersed)		immersed or semi-immersed pycnidium of Phoma coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead			[Herbaceous Plants]	herbaceous plants		Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phoma/	Phoma	a form genus of coelomycetes		immersed or semi-immersed	pycnidium	Phoma coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe			/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Herbaceous Plants/	Herbaceous Plants	herbaceous plants		dead

Author & Year	Title	Source
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Tsurykau, A. & Etayo, J., 2017	Capronia suijae (Herpotrichiellaceae, Eurotiomycetes), a new fungus on Xanthoria parietina from Belarus, with a key to the lichenicolous species growing on Xanthoria s. str.	Lichenologist Vol 49 (1): 1-12.

Phoma (a form genus of coelomycetes) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Phoma (a form genus of coelomycetes) may be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

Subtaxon	Rank	Featured subtaxa	No of interactions	No of references
Phoma aculeorum a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma allostoma a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		2 trophisms
Phoma ammophilae a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma amorphae a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma araucariae a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma arundinacea a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma chryanthemicola a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma cirsii a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		4 trophisms
Phoma crataegi a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma dennisii a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma domestica a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma draconis a Dracaena leaf spot (causative organism)	Species		2 trophisms
Phoma epicoccina a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		2 trophisms
Phoma epitricha a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma evemiae a coelomycetous anamorph	Anamorphic Species			1 references
Phoma galactis a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma gentianae a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma glomerata a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		3 trophisms
Phoma grossulariae a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma grovei a fungus	Species	1 subtaxa	2 trophisms
Phoma herbarum a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma idaei a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma jacquiniana a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		3 trophisms
Phoma lantanoides a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma leguminum a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma leveillei a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		3 trophisms
Phoma libertiana a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		2 trophisms
Phoma lignicola a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma lobariae a lichenicolous coelomycete	Anamorphic Species			1 references
Phoma longissima a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma macrostoma a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma mahoniae a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma minutula a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma mororum a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma muscicola a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		4 trophisms
Phoma nebulosa sensu Berk a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma nelumbii a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma onagracearum a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma paulowniae a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma phlogis a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma polemonii a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma prunicola Apple and Pear Leaf Spot	Anamorphic Species		3 trophisms	1 references
Phoma sambuciphila a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma selaginellae a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma suaedae a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma syringae a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma tamariscina a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma thujana a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma verbascicola a coelomycete	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms
Phoma violacea Paint Measles	Anamorphic Species		1 trophisms

NBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Phoma (a form genus of coelomycetes)

Identification Works

Handling & Magnification	Author	Year	Title	Source
	Boerema, G.H., de Gruyter, J., Noordeloos, M.E. & Hamers, M.E.C.	2004	Phoma identification manual	448pp, CABI
	Hawksworth, D.L.	1981	The lichenicolous Coelomycetes	Bull. Br. mus. nat. hist. bot. Vol 9 (1): 1-98.

Phoma (a form genus of coelomycetes) may also be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

PLEOSPORALES
(an order of ascomycetes and lichens)

DOTHIDEOMYCETES
(a class of ascomycetes)

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

General Works

Author	Year	Title	Source
Anon.	1990	Developments in the taxonomy of anamorphic fungi	Stud. Mycol. No. 32.
de Gruyter, J. et al	2009	Molecular phylogeny of Phoma and allied anamorph genera: towards a reclassification of the Phoma complex	Mycol. Res. Vol 113 (04): 508-519.
de Gruyter, J., et al	2013	Redisposition of phoma-like anamorphs in Pleosporales	Stud. Mycol. Vol 75: 1-36.
Dennis, R.W.G.	1946	Notes on some British fungi ascribed to Phoma and related genera	TBMS 29 (1+2): 11-42.
Fruit-rotting Species
Boerema, G.H. & Dorenbosch, M.M.J.	1973	The Phoma and Ascochyta species described by Wollenweber and Hochapfel in their study on fruit-rotting	Stud. Mycol..

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Phoma (a form genus of coelomycetes):

PLEOSPORALES
(an order of ascomycetes and lichens)

DOTHIDEOMYCETES
(a class of ascomycetes)

ASCOMYCOTA
(spore shooters, ascomycete)

FUNGI
(true fungi)

Eukaryota
(eukaryotes)

BIOTA
(living things)

Fungi s.l.
(fungi (in the broad sense))

BioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 15 images of Phoma (a form genus of coelomycetes)

The commonest form-genus of coelomycetes, Phoma form black medium thickness-walled, erumpent pycnidia on (usually) dead stems (occasionally leaves). The pycnidia produce simple conidia generally less than 15µm long, on short or imperceptible conidiophores. The conidia often contain two oil-droplets.

Many of the species are host limited (or at least there are different names which have been applied to Phoma on different hosts).

Phoma has been used as a taxonomic dumping ground for any coelomycete with simple hyaline spores.

Coelomycetes with medium thickness walled, erumpent pycnidia and simple, hyaline conidia generally less than 15µm long, on short or imperceptible conidiophores. Mostly on dead stems.

The similar Phomopsis produces slightly larger and tougher pycnidia but is best distinguished by the longer conidiophores.

Phyllosticta, with thinner walled pycnidia, is the equivalent on leaves.

Cultural studies are needed to identify most spp.

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Genus	Phoma (a form genus of coelomycetes)
Order	PLEOSPORALES (an order of ascomycetes and lichens)
Subclass	DOTHIDEOMYCETIDAE (a subclass of fungi)
Class	DOTHIDEOMYCETES (a class of ascomycetes)
Subphylum	PEZIZOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of ascomycetes)
Phylum	ASCOMYCOTA (spore shooters, ascomycete)
Kingdom	FUNGI (true fungi)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Phoma Sacc.
(a form genus of coelomycetes)

Interactions where Phoma is the dominant partner and gains from the process

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Phoma is also a member of:

Identification Works

General Works

Fruit-rotting Species

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)