Scleroderma citrinum Pers.
(Common Earthball)

Interactions where Scleroderma citrinum is the dominant partner and gains from the process

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Stage Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season
fruitbody fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root Questionable Betula birches Fagales: Betulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Sclerodermataceae/Scleroderma citrinum/Scleroderma citrinumcommon earthballfruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhizaRelationship uncertain /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Betulaceae/Betula/Betulabirchesliveroot (late Summer +)
fruitbody fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root Questionable Fagus beeches Fagales: Fagaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Sclerodermataceae/Scleroderma citrinum/Scleroderma citrinumcommon earthballfruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhizaRelationship uncertain /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Fagus/Fagusbeechesliveroot (late Summer +)
fruitbody fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root Questionable Quercus oaks Fagales: Fagaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Sclerodermataceae/Scleroderma citrinum/Scleroderma citrinumcommon earthballfruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhizaRelationship uncertain /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Fagales/Fagaceae/Quercus/Quercusoaksliveroot (late Summer +)
fruitbody fruitbody is ectomycorrhizal with live root Questionable [Broadleaved trees] broadleaved, frondose or deciduous trees Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Sclerodermataceae/Scleroderma citrinum/Scleroderma citrinumcommon earthballfruitbody Foodplant / mycorrhiza / ectomycorrhizaRelationship uncertain /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Broadleaved trees/Broadleaved treesbroadleaved, frondose or deciduous treesliveroot (late Summer +)

Interactions where Scleroderma citrinum is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
fruitbody fruitbody is parasitised by chlamydospore of Sepedonium anamorph Major Hypomyces chrysospermus Bolete Mould Hypocreales: Hypocreaceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Hypocreaceae/Hypomyces chrysospermus/Hypomyces chrysospermusbolete mouldchlamydosporeSepedonium anamorph Fungus / parasite /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Sclerodermataceae/Scleroderma citrinum/Scleroderma citrinumcommon earthballfruitbodyMajor chlamydospore of Sepedonium anamorph parasitises fruitbody
fruitbody fruitbody is parasitised by perithecium Major Hypomyces chrysospermus Bolete Mould Hypocreales: Hypocreaceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Hypocreaceae/Hypomyces chrysospermus/Hypomyces chrysospermusbolete mouldperithecium Fungus / parasite /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Sclerodermataceae/Scleroderma citrinum/Scleroderma citrinumcommon earthballfruitbodyMajor perithecium parasitises fruitbody
fruitbody fruitbody is parasitised by Verticillium anamorph Major Hypomyces chrysospermus Bolete Mould Hypocreales: Hypocreaceae Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Hypocreaceae/Hypomyces chrysospermus/Hypomyces chrysospermusbolete mouldVerticillium anamorph Fungus / parasite /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Sclerodermataceae/Scleroderma citrinum/Scleroderma citrinumcommon earthballfruitbodyMajor Verticillium anamorph parasitises fruitbody
gleba (deformed) deformed gleba of fruitbody is parasitised by fruitbody Restricted Pseudoboletus parasiticus Parasitic Bolete Boletales: Boletaceae Personal Encounters with the Parasitic Bolete, Both, E.E., 2006
Bioimages - the Virtual Field Guide, Storey, M.W., 2015
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Boletaceae/Pseudoboletus parasiticus/Pseudoboletus parasiticusparasitic boletefruitbody Fungus / parasite /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Boletales/Sclerodermataceae/Scleroderma citrinum/Scleroderma citrinumcommon earthballdeformedglebafruitbodySole fruitbody parasitises deformed gleba of fruitbody

Author & YearTitleSource
Both, E.E., 2006Personal Encounters with the Parasitic BoleteField Mycology Vol 7 (3): 104-109.
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1998Microfungi on Miscellaneous Substrates: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 246pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Storey, M.W., 2015Bioimages - the Virtual Field Guidewww.bioimages.org.uk

Scleroderma citrinum (Common Earthball) may also be included in 'feeds on' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Scleroderma citrinum (Common Earthball) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesScleroderma citrinum (Common Earthball)
GenusScleroderma (earthballs)
FamilySCLERODERMATACEAE (earthballs and dyeballs)
OrderBOLETALES (spongecap toadstools and their relatives, boletes)
SubclassAGARICOMYCETIDAE (a subclass of basidiomycetes)
ClassAGARICOMYCETES (a class of fungi)
SubphylumAGARICOMYCOTINA (a subphylum of fungi)
PhylumBASIDIOMYCOTA (spore droppers, basidiomycetes)
KingdomFUNGI (true fungi)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Scleroderma citrinum (Common Earthball)

Scleroderma citrinum (Common Earthball) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Both, E.E. 2006 Personal Encounters with the Parasitic Bolete Field Mycology Vol 7 (3): 104-109.
Pegler, D.N. & Watling, R. 1982 British Toxic Fungi Bull. Br. mycol. Soc. Vol 16 (1): 66-75.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Scleroderma citrinum (Common Earthball):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 30 images of Scleroderma citrinum (Common Earthball)

A very common species on acid soil, mainly in woodland. This is the host of Boletus parasiticus

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