Ulmus procera Salisb.
(English Elm)

Interactions where Ulmus procera is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
is parasitised by UK/Ireland Erysiphe ulmi Elm Mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Erysiphe ulmi/Erysiphe ulmielm mildew Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elm parasitises
(live) live has sap sucked by UK/Ireland Tinocallis takachihoensis an aphid Hemiptera: Aphididae Prociphilus fraxinifolii (Hempitera: Aphididae) a species new to Britain, Baker, E.A. & Martin, J.H., 2011
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Tinocallis (Sappocallis) takachihoensis/Tinocallis (Sappocallis) takachihoensisan aphid Foodplant / sap suckerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmlive sucks sap of live
bark (cankered) cankered bark is decayed by ascoma UK/Ireland Cucurbitaria naucosa an ascomycete Pleosporales: Cucurbitariaceae Plectophomella concentrica on Ulmus procera, Greig, B.J.W. & Redfern, D.B., 1987
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Cucurbitariaceae/Cucurbitaria naucosa/Cucurbitaria naucosaan ascomyceteascoma Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmcankeredbark (2)ascoma is saprobic on cankered bark
branch or twig cambium (dead) dead branch or twig cambium is mined by larva UK/Ireland Magdalis armigera a weevil Coleoptera: Curculionidae True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to Smicronychinae, Morris, M.G., 2002
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Coleoptera/Curculionidae/Magdalis armigera/Magdalis armigeraa weevillarva Foodplant / minerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmdeadbranch or twig cambium larva mines dead branch or twig cambium
branch branch is decayed by immersed conidioma of Fusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph Fusicoccum ulmi a stromatic coelomycete Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Botryosphaeriaceae/Fusicoccum ulmi/Fusicoccum ulmia stromatic coelomyceteimmersedconidiomaFusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmbranch immersed conidioma of Fusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on branch
branch branch is decayed by small, very crowded, erumpent, multilocular stroma of Cytosporina coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Cytosporina stellulata a coelomycete British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Cytosporina stellulata/Cytosporina stellulataa coelomycetesmall, very crowded, erumpent, multilocularstromaCytosporina coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmbranch small, very crowded, erumpent, multilocular stroma of Cytosporina coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by rather thick, olivaceous, much depressed above, sometimes plurilocular and froming scattered, pierced pustules, 0.5-1mm diam. stroma of Fusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Fusicoccum depressum a stromatic coelomycete Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Botryosphaeriaceae/Fusicoccum depressum/Fusicoccum depressuma stromatic coelomyceterather thick, olivaceous, much depressed above, sometimes plurilocular and froming scattered, pierced pustules, 0.5-1mm diam.stromaFusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmdeadbranch (2-3)rather thick, olivaceous, much depressed above, sometimes plurilocular and froming scattered, pierced pustules, 0.5-1mm diam. stroma of Fusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by immersed, often loosely grouped perithecium Major Diaporthe eres a pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe eres/Diaporthe eresa pyrenomyceteimmersed, often loosely groupedperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmdeadbranchMajor (7-2)immersed, often loosely grouped perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by immersed, in groups of 4-15, stromatic, visible through bark cracks perithecium Eutypella stellulata a pyrenomycete Xylariales: Diatrypaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Diatrypaceae/Eutypella stellulata/Eutypella stellulataa pyrenomyceteimmersed, in groups of 4-15, stromatic, visible through bark cracksperithecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmdeadbranch (12-2)immersed, in groups of 4-15, stromatic, visible through bark cracks perithecium is saprobic on dead branch
branch (dead) dead branch is decayed by pustulate, immersed stroma Eutypella stellulata a pyrenomycete Xylariales: Diatrypaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Xylariales/Diatrypaceae/Eutypella stellulata/Eutypella stellulataa pyrenomycetepustulate, immersedstroma Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmdeadbranch (12-2)pustulate, immersed stroma is saprobic on dead branch
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is parasitised by immersed, stromatic pseudothecium Dothidella ulmi an ascomycete Polystomellaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Polystomellaceae/Dothidella ulmi/Dothidella ulmian ascomyceteimmersed, stromaticpseudothecium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmdead, fallenleaf (1-4)immersed, stromatic pseudothecium parasitises dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead, fallen) dead, fallen leaf is parasitised by subepidermal stroma Dothidella ulmi an ascomycete Polystomellaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Polystomellaceae/Dothidella ulmi/Dothidella ulmian ascomycetesubepidermalstroma Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmdead, fallenleaf (1-4)subepidermal stroma parasitises dead, fallen leaf
leaf (dead) dead leaf is decayed by round, convex, subcuticular, multiloculate stroma of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Placosphaeria ulmi a coelomycete Dothideales British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Dothideales/Placosphaeria ulmi/Placosphaeria ulmia coelomyceteround, convex, subcuticular, multiloculatestromaPlacosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmdeadleaf (10)round, convex, subcuticular, multiloculate stroma of Placosphaeria coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is galled by Foreign Tetraneura ulmi Fig Gall Hemiptera: Aphididae Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962, Fjelddalen, J., 1964
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Hemiptera/Aphididae/Tetraneura (Tetraneura) ulmi/Tetraneura (Tetraneura) ulmifig gall Foodplant / gallForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmliveleaf causes gall of live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by hypophyllous acervulus of Phloeospora coelomycetous anamorph Mycosphaerella ulmi an ascomycete Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Mycosphaerella ulmi/Mycosphaerella ulmian ascomycetehypophyllousacervulusPhloeospora coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causer /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmliveleaf (9-10)hypophyllous acervulus of Phloeospora coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by epiphyllous, subcuticular acervulus of Piggotia coelomycetous anamorph Dothidella ulmi an ascomycete Polystomellaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Polystomellaceae/Dothidella ulmi/Dothidella ulmian ascomyceteepiphyllous, subcuticularacervulusPiggotia coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmliveleaf (6-9)epiphyllous, subcuticular acervulus of Piggotia coelomycetous anamorph parasitises live leaf
root (live) live root of tree is associate of mycelial muff Major Morchella esculenta Morel Pezizales: Morchellaceae Association between living roots and ascocarps of Morchella rotunda, Buscot, F. & Roux, J., 1987
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Pezizomycetes/Pezizales/Morchellaceae/Morchella esculenta/Morchella esculentamorelmycelial muff Plant / associate /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmliveroottreeMajor mycelial muff is associated with live root of tree
sap wood sap wood may be infected and damaged by mycelium Ophiostoma novo-ulmi Dutch Elm Disease - Recent Form Ophiostomatales: Ophiostomataceae Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden Plants, Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998
Fungi, Spooner, B. & Roberts, P., 2005
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Ophiostomatales/Ophiostomataceae/Ophiostoma novo-ulmi/Ophiostoma novo-ulmiDutch elm disease - recent formmycelium Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmsap wood mycelium infects and damages sap wood
sap wood sap wood may be infected and damaged by mycelium Ophiostoma ulmi Dutch Elm Disease - Native Form Ophiostomatales: Ophiostomataceae Fungi, Spooner, B. & Roberts, P., 2005
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Ophiostomatales/Ophiostomataceae/Ophiostoma ulmi/Ophiostoma ulmiDutch elm disease - native formmycelium Foodplant / pathogen /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmsap wood mycelium infects and damages sap wood
trunk (large, partially fallen and decorticated, brown-rotted) large, partially fallen and decorticated, brown-rotted trunk may have epiphytic pileate fruitbody UK/Ireland Trametopsis cervina a bracket fungus Polyporales: Irpicaceae Antrodia pseudosinuosa sp. nov., Henrici, A. & Ryvarden, L., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Irpicaceae/Trametopsis cervina/Trametopsis cervinaa bracket funguspileatefruitbody Plant / epiphyteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmlarge, partially fallen and decorticated, brown-rottedtrunk pileate fruitbody grows on large, partially fallen and decorticated, brown-rotted trunk
twig (dead, fallen) dead, fallen twig is decayed by fruitbody Aphanobasidium albidum a resupinate fungus Agaricales: Pterulaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Pterulaceae/Aphanobasidium albidum/Aphanobasidium albiduma resupinate fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmdead, fallentwig fruitbody is saprobic on dead, fallen twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by rather thick, olivaceous, much depressed above, sometimes plurilocular and froming scattered, pierced pustules, 0.5-1mm diam. stroma of Fusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Fusicoccum depressum a stromatic coelomycete Botryosphaeriales: Botryosphaeriaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Botryosphaeriaceae/Fusicoccum depressum/Fusicoccum depressuma stromatic coelomyceterather thick, olivaceous, much depressed above, sometimes plurilocular and froming scattered, pierced pustules, 0.5-1mm diam.stromaFusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmdeadtwig (2-3)rather thick, olivaceous, much depressed above, sometimes plurilocular and froming scattered, pierced pustules, 0.5-1mm diam. stroma of Fusicoccum coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
twig (dead) dead twig is decayed by eventually erumpent (usually through slits) pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph Diaporthe eres a pyrenomycete Diaporthales: Diaporthaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Diaporthales/Diaporthaceae/Diaporthe eres/Diaporthe eresa pyrenomyceteeventually erumpent (usually through slits)pycnidiumPhomopsis coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmdeadtwig (1-6)eventually erumpent (usually through slits) pycnidium of Phomopsis coelomycetous anamorph is saprobic on dead twig
twig (live, cankered) live, cankered twig may be infected and damaged by Plectophomella coelomycetous anamorph UK/Ireland Plectophomella concentrica a coelomycete Plectophomella concentrica on Ulmus procera, Greig, B.J.W. & Redfern, D.B., 1987
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Plectophomella concentrica/Plectophomella concentricaa coelomycetePlectophomella coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmlive, cankeredtwig Plectophomella coelomycetous anamorph infects and damages live, cankered twig
wood (dead, decayed) dead, decayed wood is decayed by fruitbody Trechispora stevensonii a basidiomycete fungus Trechisporales: Hydnodontaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Trechisporales/Hydnodontaceae/Trechispora stevensonii/Trechispora stevensoniia basidiomycete fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmdead, decayedwood fruitbody is saprobic on dead, decayed wood
wood (dead) dead wood is decayed by fruitbody UK/Ireland Phlebia griseoflavescens a resupinate fungus Polyporales: Meruliaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meruliaceae/Phlebia griseoflavescens/Phlebia griseoflavescensa resupinate fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmdeadwood fruitbody is saprobic on dead wood
wood (hard, barely decayed) hard, barely decayed wood is decayed by bracket UK/IrelandQuestionable Daedalea quercina Oak Mazegill Polyporales: Fomitopsidaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Profiles of Fungi No. 136: Daedalea quercina, Legon, N.W., 2006
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Fomitopsidaceae/Daedalea quercina/Daedalea quercinaoak mazegillbracket Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elm?hard, barely decayedwood bracket is saprobic on hard, barely decayed wood
wood (live) live wood is decayed by fruitbody UK/Ireland Phlebia griseoflavescens a resupinate fungus Polyporales: Meruliaceae Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Polyporales/Meruliaceae/Phlebia griseoflavescens/Phlebia griseoflavescensa resupinate fungusfruitbody Foodplant / saprobeUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Rosales/Ulmaceae/Ulmus procera/Ulmus proceraenglish elmlivewood fruitbody is saprobic on live wood

Author & YearTitleSource
Baker, E.A. & Martin, J.H., 2011Prociphilus fraxinifolii (Hempitera: Aphididae) a species new to BritainBr. J. Ent. Nat. Hist. Vol 24 (4): 221-223, Plate 15.
Buczacki, S. & Harris, K., 1998Pests, Diseases & Disorders of Garden PlantsCollins Photoguide, 2nd edition edition, Collins
Buscot, F. & Roux, J., 1987Association between living roots and ascocarps of Morchella rotundaTBMS Vol 89 (2): 249-252.
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Fjelddalen, J., 1964Aphids Recorded on Cultivated Plants in Norway 1946-1962Norsk. Ent. Tidskr. 12: 259-295.
Greig, B.J.W. & Redfern, D.B., 1987Plectophomella concentrica on Ulmus proceraTBMS Vol 89 (3): 399.
Grove, W.B., 1935British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidiaVol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Henrici, A. & Ryvarden, L., 1997Antrodia pseudosinuosa sp. nov.Mycologist Vol 11 (4): 152-154.
Ing, B., 1990An Introduction to British Powdery MildewsMycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Legon, N.W., 2006Profiles of Fungi No. 136: Daedalea quercinaMycologist Vol 19 (1): 44.
Morris, M.G., 2002True Weevils (Part I): Family Curculionidae, subfamilies Raymondionyminae to SmicronychinaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects, Vol 5, Part 17b, 149pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Spooner, B. & Roberts, P., 2005FungiNew Naturalist, 96, 594pp, HarperCollins

Ulmus procera (English Elm) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesUlmus procera (English Elm)
GenusUlmus (elms)
FamilyULMACEAE (elms)
OrderROSALES (roses, elms, nettles, hops, buckthorns and figs)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Ulmus procera (English Elm)

Ulmus procera (English Elm) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Evans, S. 2003 Conservation Corner (July, 2003) Field Mycology Vol 4 (3): 104-106.
Woodfall, D. 2005 Native Black-poplar Vol 16, No 4 Page: 286

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Ulmus procera (English Elm):

Creative Commons License
This website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence.

Unless otherwise expressly stated, all original material on the BioInfo website by Malcolm Storey is licensed under the above Creative Commons Licence.

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)