Helleborus foetidus L.
(Stinking Hellebore)

Interactions where Helleborus foetidus is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
foliage (small, crisped, grey-brown) small, crisped, grey-brown foliage may be infected and damaged by sporangium UK/Ireland Peronospora pulveracea a downy mildew Peronosporales: Peronosporaceae Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Peronospora pulveracea, Hall, G., 1944
A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles, Preece, T.F., 2002
 /Chromista/Oomycota/Peronosporea/Peronosporales/Peronosporaceae/Peronospora pulveracea/Peronospora pulveraceaa downy mildewsporangium Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus foetidus/Helleborus foetidusstinking helleboresmall, crisped, grey-brownfoliage sporangium infects and damages small, crisped, grey-brown foliage
leaf (dark green over-wintering) dark green over-wintering leaf is mined by larva UK/IrelandMajor Phytomyza hellebori Hellebore Leaf-miner Diptera: Agromyzidae Agromyzidae Newsletter No 2, July 2017, Anon, 2017
The hellebore leaf-miner Phytomyza hellebori Kaltenbach (Diptera, Agromyzidae) new to Britain, Stubbs, A.E., 2000
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Phytomyza hellebori/Phytomyza helleborihellebore leaf-minerlarva Foodplant / minerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus foetidus/Helleborus foetidusstinking helleboredark green over-winteringleafMajor (winter)larva mines dark green over-wintering leaf
leaf (fading) fading leaf is spotted by epiphyllous pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph Microsphaeropsis hellebori Hellebore Leaf Spot - causative organism Pleosporales: Montagnulaceae Bioimages - the Virtual Field Guide, Storey, M.W., 2015
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Montagnulaceae/Microsphaeropsis hellebori/Microsphaeropsis helleborihellebore leaf spot - causative organismepiphyllouspycnidiumConiothyrium coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causer /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus foetidus/Helleborus foetidusstinking helleborefadingleaf epiphyllous pycnidium of Coniothyrium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on fading leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph Foreign Phyllosticta helleborella (A Coelomycetous Leaf-spot Fungus) Botryosphaeriales: Phyllostictaceae British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Botryosphaeriales/Phyllostictaceae/Phyllosticta helleborella/Phyllosticta helleborella(a coelomycetous leaf-spot fungus)pycnidiumPhyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus foetidus/Helleborus foetidusstinking helleboreliveleaf pycnidium of Phyllosticta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by amphigenous caespituli of Ramularia anamorph UK/Ireland Ramularia hellebori an anamorphic fungus Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998
Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Ramularia hellebori/Ramularia helleborian anamorphic fungusamphigenouscaespituliRamularia anamorph Foodplant / spot causerUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus foetidus/Helleborus foetidusstinking helleboreliveleaf amphigenous caespituli of Ramularia anamorph causes spots on live leaf
nectar nectar is food source of Foreign Metschnikowia reukaufii (A Yeast) Saccharomycetales: Metschnikowiaceae Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of nectar-inhabiting yeasts: how different floral microenvironments arise in winter-blooming Helleborus foetidus, Pozo, M.I., Herrera, C.M. & Alonso, C., 2014
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Saccharomycetes/Saccharomycetales/Metschnikowiaceae/Metschnikowia reukaufii/Metschnikowia reukaufii(a yeast) Fungus / feederForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Ranunculales/Ranunculaceae/Helleborus foetidus/Helleborus foetidusstinking helleborenectar feeds on nectar

Author & YearTitleSource
Anon, 2017Agromyzidae Newsletter No 2, July 2017Agromyzidae Recording Scheme Newsletter.
Braun, U., 1998Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol IIPhytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 2, 493pp, IHW-Verlag
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995Fungi of the South East England383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidiaVol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Hall, G., 1944Peronospora pulveraceaI.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 1198.
Pozo, M.I., Herrera, C.M. & Alonso, C., 2014Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of nectar-inhabiting yeasts: how different floral microenvironments arise in winter-blooming Helleborus foetidusFungEcol Vol 11: 173-180.
Preece, T.F., 2002A Checklist of the Downy Mildews (Peronosporaceae) of the British Isles33pp, British Mycological Society
Storey, M.W., 2015Bioimages - the Virtual Field Guidewww.bioimages.org.uk
Stubbs, A.E., 2000The hellebore leaf-miner Phytomyza hellebori Kaltenbach (Diptera, Agromyzidae) new to BritainDiperists Digest, 2000 Vol. 7 No. 1 Dipterists Digest 7: 33-35.

Helleborus foetidus (Stinking Hellebore) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesHelleborus foetidus (Stinking Hellebore)
GenusHelleborus (hellebores)
FamilyRANUNCULACEAE (buttercups, crowfoots)
OrderRANUNCULALES (buttercups, poppies and barberries)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Helleborus foetidus (Stinking Hellebore)

Helleborus foetidus (Stinking Hellebore) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

General Works

AuthorYearTitleSource
Stubbs, A.E. 2000 The hellebore leaf-miner Phytomyza hellebori Kaltenbach (Diptera, Agromyzidae) new to Britain Diperists Digest, 2000 Vol. 7 No. 1 Dipterists Digest 7: 33-35.

Pathology

Pozo, M.I., Herrera, C.M. & Alonso, C. 2014 Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of nectar-inhabiting yeasts: how different floral microenvironments arise in winter-blooming Helleborus foetidus FungEcol Vol 11: 173-180.

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may also be relevant to Helleborus foetidus (Stinking Hellebore):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 20 images of Helleborus foetidus (Stinking Hellebore)
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