Lolium perenne (perennial rye-grass)

Interactions where Lolium perenne is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part	Summary	Taxon	Vernacular	Classification	References	Darwin Classification of Active Taxon	Active Taxon	Active Vernacular	Active State	Active Part	Active Stage	Relationship	Relationship Geography	Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon	Passive Taxon	Passive Vernacular	Passive Taxon Uncertain	Passive State	Passive Part	Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon	Season	Summary
	is foodplant of larva	Stiphrosoma sabulosum	an anthomyzid fly	Diptera: Anthomyzidae	A monograph of Palaearctic Anthomyzidae (Diptera), Part 2, Roháček, J., 2009	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Anthomyzidae/Stiphrosoma sabulosum/	Stiphrosoma sabulosum	an anthomyzid fly			larva	Foodplant / feeds on		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass						larva feeds on
(live)	live is parasitised by Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Drechslera andersenii	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Fungi of the South East England, Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Drechslera andersenii/	Drechslera andersenii	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus			Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live				Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph parasitises live
(live)	live is parasitised by	Blumeria graminis	Grass Mildew, Grass and Cereal Powdery Mildew	Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Blumeria graminis/	Blumeria graminis	grass mildew, grass and cereal powdery mildew				Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live				parasitises live
(live)	live is parasitised by fruitbody	Limonomyces roseipellis	a basidiomycete fungus	Corticiales: Corticiaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Corticiales/Corticiaceae/Limonomyces roseipellis/	Limonomyces roseipellis	a basidiomycete fungus			fruitbody	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live		Major		fruitbody parasitises live
culm (live)	live culm is parasitised by embedded sorus	Urocystis bolivarii	a smut fungus	Urocystidales: Urocystidaceae	Additions and amendments to the list of British smut fungi, Spooner, B.M. & Legon, N.W., 2006	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis bolivarii/	Urocystis bolivarii	a smut fungus	embedded		sorus	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live	culm			embedded sorus parasitises live culm
inflorescence (dead)	dead inflorescence is decayed by colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Drechslera dematioidea	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Drechslera dematioidea, Punithalingam, E., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Drechslera dematioidea/	Drechslera dematioidea	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		dead	inflorescence			colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead inflorescence
leaf-mine	leaf-mine may house puparium	Cerodontha incisa	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Cerodontha incisa/	Cerodontha incisa	a leaf-mining fly			puparium	Plant / resting place / within	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass			leaf-mine			puparium may be found in leaf-mine
leaf?	leaf? is mined by larva	Cerodontha incisa	a leaf-mining fly	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972	/Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Cerodontha incisa/	Cerodontha incisa	a leaf-mining fly			larva	Foodplant / miner	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass			leaf?			larva mines leaf?
leaf	leaf is spotted by amphigenous, numerous, black pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Septoria bromi ß brachypodii	a leaf-spot fungus	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Septoria bromi ß brachypodii/	Septoria bromi ß brachypodii	a leaf-spot fungus	amphigenous, numerous, black	pycnidium	Septoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass			leaf			amphigenous, numerous, black pycnidium of Septoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on leaf
leaf	leaf is spotted by immersed, crowded or in rows pycnidium of Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph	Pseudoseptoria donacis	a coelomycete	Dothideales: Saccotheciaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Dothideales/Saccotheciaceae/Pseudoseptoria donacis/	Pseudoseptoria donacis	a coelomycete	immersed, crowded or in rows	pycnidium	Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass			leaf		(5-7)	immersed, crowded or in rows pycnidium of Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on leaf
leaf (dead)	dead leaf is decayed by colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Drechslera dematioidea	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Drechslera dematioidea, Punithalingam, E., 1990	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Drechslera dematioidea/	Drechslera dematioidea	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		dead	leaf			colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph is saprobic on dead leaf
leaf (live, blistered, ribboned)	live, blistered, ribboned leaf is spotted by long, linear, erumpent sorus	Urocystis agropyri	a stripe smut of grasses	Urocystidales: Urocystidaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis agropyri/	Urocystis agropyri	a stripe smut of grasses	long, linear, erumpent		sorus	Foodplant / spot causer	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live, blistered, ribboned	leaf			long, linear, erumpent sorus causes spots on live, blistered, ribboned leaf
leaf (live, blistered)	live, blistered leaf is spotted by long, linear, erumpent sorus	Ustilago striiformis	Stripe Smut Of Grasses	Ustilaginales: Ustilaginaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Ustilaginales/Ustilaginaceae/Ustilago striiformis/	Ustilago striiformis	stripe smut of grasses	long, linear, erumpent		sorus	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live, blistered	leaf			long, linear, erumpent sorus causes spots on live, blistered leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by mostly hypophyllous, punctiform, greyish-white or pale pinkish, linearly arranged caespituli of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph	Ramularia collo-cygni	a hyphomycete	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Ramularia collo-cygni/	Ramularia collo-cygni	a hyphomycete	mostly hypophyllous, punctiform, greyish-white or pale pinkish, linearly arranged	caespituli	Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live	leaf			mostly hypophyllous, punctiform, greyish-white or pale pinkish, linearly arranged caespituli of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by mainly hypophyllous, greyish-white, punctiform but inconspicuous caespituli of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph	Ramularia pusilla	an anamorphic fungus	Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Ramularia pusilla/	Ramularia pusilla	an anamorphic fungus	mainly hypophyllous, greyish-white, punctiform but inconspicuous	caespituli	Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	Foreign	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live	leaf			mainly hypophyllous, greyish-white, punctiform but inconspicuous caespituli of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Ascochyta desmazieri	a coelomycete	Pleosporales: Didymellaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Didymellaceae/Ascochyta desmazieri/	Ascochyta desmazieri	a coelomycete		pycnidium	Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live	leaf			pycnidium of Ascochyta coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Drechslera nobleae	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Drechslera nobleae on Ryegrass in England, Lam, A., 1984	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Drechslera nobleae/	Drechslera nobleae	a dematiaceous anamorphic fungus		colony	Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live	leaf	Minor		colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Pyrenophora lolii	an ascomycete	Pleosporales: Pleosporaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Drechslera siccans from ryegrass fields in England and Wales, Lam, A., 1984	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Pleosporaceae/Pyrenophora lolii/	Pyrenophora lolii	an ascomycete		colony	Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live	leaf	Minor		colony of Drechslera dematiaceous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by immersed, thin, subcuticular stromatic plates of Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Rhynchosporium agropyri	Leaf Blotch or Scald Of Grasses - causative organism, Couch Scald	Helotiales	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Rhynchosporium agropyri/	Rhynchosporium agropyri	leaf blotch or scald of grasses - causative organism, couch scald	immersed, thin, subcuticular	stromatic plates	Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live	leaf		(4-9)	immersed, thin, subcuticular stromatic plates of Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is spotted by Spermospora anamorph	Spermospora lolii	an anamorphic fungus		Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Spermospora lolii/	Spermospora lolii	an anamorphic fungus			Spermospora anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live	leaf			Spermospora anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by hypophyllous telium	Puccinia coronata	Crown Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia coronata/	Puccinia coronata	crown rust	hypophyllous		telium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live	leaf		(mid 8-)	hypophyllous telium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by amphigenous, scattered or in patches uredium	Puccinia coronata	Crown Rust	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia coronata/	Puccinia coronata	crown rust	amphigenous, scattered or in patches		uredium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live	leaf		(summer)	amphigenous, scattered or in patches uredium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by amphigenous uredium	Puccinia graminis ssp graminicola	Black Stem Rusts Of Wild Grasses	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola/	Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola	black stem rusts of wild grasses	amphigenous		uredium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live	leaf			amphigenous uredium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live)	live leaf is parasitised by embedded sorus	Urocystis bolivarii	a smut fungus	Urocystidales: Urocystidaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005 Additions and amendments to the list of British smut fungi, Spooner, B.M. & Legon, N.W., 2006	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Urocystidaceae/Urocystis bolivarii/	Urocystis bolivarii	a smut fungus	embedded		sorus	Foodplant / parasite	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live	leaf			embedded sorus parasitises live leaf
plant (dying)	dying plant may be infected and damaged by strand	Laetisaria fuciformis	Red Thread Disease (Causal Organism)	Corticiales: Corticiaceae	Fungal Diseases of Sports Turf, Baldwin, N.A., 1990 British Parasitic Fungi, Moore, W.C., 1959	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Corticiales/Corticiaceae/Laetisaria fuciformis/	Laetisaria fuciformis	red thread disease (causal organism)		strand		Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		dying	plant		(9-10)	strand infects and damages dying plant
seed (fallen, over-wintered, mummified)	fallen, over-wintered, mummified seed may be infected and damaged by long stalked apothecium	Gloeotinia granigena	Blind Seed Of Rye Grass - causative organism	Helotiales	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 Gloeotinia granigena, Williams, M.A.J. & Spooner, B.M., 1991	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Gloeotinia granigena/	Gloeotinia granigena	blind seed of rye grass - causative organism	long stalked		apothecium	Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		fallen, over-wintered, mummified	seed	Major	(5-7)	long stalked apothecium infects and damages fallen, over-wintered, mummified seed
sheath	sheath is spotted by immersed, crowded or in rows pycnidium of Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph	Pseudoseptoria donacis	a coelomycete	Dothideales: Saccotheciaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997 British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia, Grove, W.B., 1935	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Dothideales/Saccotheciaceae/Pseudoseptoria donacis/	Pseudoseptoria donacis	a coelomycete	immersed, crowded or in rows	pycnidium	Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass			sheath		(5-7)	immersed, crowded or in rows pycnidium of Pseudoseptoria coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on sheath
sheath (live)	live sheath is spotted by immersed, thin, subcuticular stromatic plates of Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Rhynchosporium agropyri	Leaf Blotch or Scald Of Grasses - causative organism, Couch Scald	Helotiales	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1, Braun, U., 1995 Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Helotiales/Rhynchosporium agropyri/	Rhynchosporium agropyri	leaf blotch or scald of grasses - causative organism, couch scald	immersed, thin, subcuticular	stromatic plates	Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph	Foodplant / spot causer		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live	sheath		(4-9)	immersed, thin, subcuticular stromatic plates of Rhynchosporium coelomycetous anamorph causes spots on live sheath
sheath (live)	live sheath is parasitised by uredium	Puccinia graminis ssp graminicola	Black Stem Rusts Of Wild Grasses	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola/	Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola	black stem rusts of wild grasses			uredium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live	sheath			uredium parasitises live sheath
sheath (live)	live sheath is parasitised by linear telium	Puccinia graminis ssp graminicola	Black Stem Rusts Of Wild Grasses	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola/	Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola	black stem rusts of wild grasses	linear		telium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live	sheath			linear telium parasitises live sheath
spikelet (live)	live spikelet may be infected and damaged by partly hidden sorus	Tilletia lolii	a smut fungus	Tilletiales: Tilletiaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Tilletiales/Tilletiaceae/Tilletia lolii/	Tilletia lolii	a smut fungus	partly hidden		sorus	Foodplant / pathogen		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live	spikelet			partly hidden sorus infects and damages live spikelet
stem	stem is galled by stroma	Epichloe typhina	Choke	Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae	Biology of the Epichloe-Botanophila interaction: an intriguing association between fungi and insects, Bultman, T.L. & Leuchtmann, A., 2008 Epichloë in Britain, Spooner, B.M. & Kemp, S.L., 2005	/Fungi/Ascomycota/Sordariomycetes/Hypocreales/Clavicipitaceae/Epichloe typhina/	Epichloe typhina	choke			stroma	Foodplant / gall	UK and/or Eire	/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass	?		stem			stroma causes gall of stem
stem (dead)	dead stem is decayed by fruitbody	Typhula incarnata	Snow Rot Disease Of Barley - causative organism	Agaricales: Typhulaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Typhulaceae/Typhula incarnata/	Typhula incarnata	snow rot disease of barley - causative organism			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		dead	stem			fruitbody is saprobic on dead stem
stem (dying)	dying stem is decayed by fruitbody	Typhula incarnata	Snow Rot Disease Of Barley - causative organism	Agaricales: Typhulaceae	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Agaricomycetes/Agaricales/Typhulaceae/Typhula incarnata/	Typhula incarnata	snow rot disease of barley - causative organism			fruitbody	Foodplant / saprobe		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		dying	stem			fruitbody is saprobic on dying stem
stem (live)	live stem is parasitised by linear telium	Puccinia graminis ssp graminicola	Black Stem Rusts Of Wild Grasses	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola/	Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola	black stem rusts of wild grasses	linear		telium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live	stem			linear telium parasitises live stem
stem (live)	live stem is parasitised by uredium	Puccinia graminis ssp graminicola	Black Stem Rusts Of Wild Grasses	Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	/Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola/	Puccinia graminis subsp. graminicola	black stem rusts of wild grasses			uredium	Foodplant / parasite		/Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Poales/Poaceae/Lolium perenne/	Lolium perenne	perennial rye-grass		live	stem			uredium parasitises live stem

Species	Lolium perenne (Perennial Rye-grass)
Genus	Lolium (rye-grasses)
Tribe	Poeae (a tribe of grasses)
Subfamily	POOIDEAE (a subfamily of grasses)
Family	POACEAE (grasses, couch)
Order	POALES (grasses, sedges & rushes)
Class	MAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
Phylum	TRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
Kingdom	PLANTAE (plants)
Domain	Eukaryota (eukaryotes)
Life	BIOTA (living things)

Author	Year	Title	Source
Plant Pathology
Gay, C.N. & Shattock, R.C.	1980	Fusarium heterosporum and Claviceps purpurea on Lolium perenne	TBMS Vol 74 (3): 537-542.

Lolium perenne L.
(Perennial Rye-grass)

Interactions where Lolium perenne is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

Taxonomic hierarchy:

Identification Works

General Works

Plant Pathology

BioInfo - Wildlife Information (UK)

Author & Year	Title	Source
Baldwin, N.A., 1990	Fungal Diseases of Sports Turf	Mycologist Vol 4 (1): 16-19.
Braun, U., 1995	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol 1	Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 1, 333pp, IHW-Verlag
Braun, U., 1998	Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II	Phytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 2, 493pp, IHW-Verlag
Bultman, T.L. & Leuchtmann, A., 2008	Biology of the Epichloe-Botanophila interaction: an intriguing association between fungi and insects	Fungal Biology Reviews Vol 22 (3-4): 131-138.
Dennis, R.W.G., 1995	Fungi of the South East England	383pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997	Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook	2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Grove, W.B., 1935	British Stem- and Leaf- Fungi: Coelomycetes Vol. I … Sphaeropsidales with hyaline conidia	Vol I, 488pp, Cambridge University Press
Ing, B., 1990	An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews	Mycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Lam, A., 1984	Drechslera siccans from ryegrass fields in England and Wales	TBMS Vol 83 (2): 305-311.
Lam, A., 1984	Drechslera nobleae on Ryegrass in England	TBMS Vol 83 (2): 339-341.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005	Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota	517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Moore, W.C., 1959	British Parasitic Fungi	430pp, Cambridge University Press
Punithalingam, E., 1990	Drechslera dematioidea	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 1009.
Roháček, J., 2009	A monograph of Palaearctic Anthomyzidae (Diptera), Part 2	Cas. Slez. Muz. Opava (A) Vol 58, Supp 1.
Spencer, K.A., 1972	Diptera: Agromyzidae	Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
Spooner, B.M. & Kemp, S.L., 2005	Epichloë in Britain	Mycologist Vol 19 (2): 82-87.
Spooner, B.M. & Legon, N.W., 2006	Additions and amendments to the list of British smut fungi	Mycologist 20 (3): 90-96.
Williams, M.A.J. & Spooner, B.M., 1991	Gloeotinia granigena	I.M.I. Descriptions of Pathogenic Fungi and Bacteria CMI Descriptions of Pathenogenic Fungi and Bacteria Sheet 1081.