Cirsium heterophyllum (L.) Hill
(Melancholy Thistle)

Interactions where Cirsium heterophyllum is the victim or passive partner (and generally loses out from the process)

The following relationships have been collated from the published literature (see 'Interaction References').

Filters:

Affected Part Summary Taxon Vernacular Classification References Darwin Classification of Active Taxon Active Taxon Active Vernacular Active Taxon Uncertain Active State Active Part Active Stage Relationship Relationship Uncertain Relationship Geography Darwin Classification of Passive Taxon Passive Taxon Passive Vernacular Passive Taxon Uncertain Passive State Passive Part Passive Stage Passive Taxon's significance to Active Taxon Indoors etc Season Summary
(live) live is parasitised by UK/Ireland Golovinomyces cichoracearum a powdery mildew Erysiphales: Erysiphaceae An Introduction to British Powdery Mildews, Ing, B., 1990
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Leotiomycetes/Erysiphales/Erysiphaceae/Golovinomyces cichoracearum/Golovinomyces cichoracearuma powdery mildew Foodplant / parasiteUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium heterophyllum/Cirsium heterophyllummelancholy thistlelive parasitises live
(live) live is parasitised by pycnium Minor Puccinia calcitrapae a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia calcitrapae/Puccinia calcitrapaea rust funguspycnium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium heterophyllum/Cirsium heterophyllummelancholy thistleliveMinor pycnium parasitises live
capitulum capitulum may contain larva Foreign Chaetostomella cylindrica a gall fly Diptera: Tephritidae Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Chaetostomella cylindrica/Chaetostomella cylindricaa gall flylarva Foodplant / internal feederForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium heterophyllum/Cirsium heterophyllummelancholy thistlecapitulum larva feeds within capitulum
capitulum capitulum may contain larva UK/Ireland Tephritis conura Melancholy Thistle Fly Diptera: Tephritidae Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), White, I.M., 1988
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Tephritidae/Tephritis conura/Tephritis conuramelancholy thistle flylarva Foodplant / internal feederUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium heterophyllum/Cirsium heterophyllummelancholy thistlecapitulum larva feeds within capitulum
capitulum capitulum may be infected and damaged by embedded sorus UK/Ireland Thecaphora trailii a seed smut fungus Urocystidales: Glomosporiaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
Ustilaginales of the British Isles, Mordue, J.E.M. & Ainsworth G.C., 1984
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Ustilaginomycetes/Urocystidales/Glomosporiaceae/Thecaphora trailii/Thecaphora trailiia seed smut fungusembeddedsorus Foodplant / pathogenUK and/or Eire /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium heterophyllum/Cirsium heterophyllummelancholy thistlecapitulum (7-8)embedded sorus infects and damages capitulum
leaf leaf is mined by larva Phytomyza albiceps a leaf-mining fly Diptera: Agromyzidae Diptera: Agromyzidae, Spencer, K.A., 1972
 /Animalia/Arthropoda/Insecta/Diptera/Agromyzidae/Phytomyza albiceps/Phytomyza albicepsa leaf-mining flylarva Foodplant / miner /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium heterophyllum/Cirsium heterophyllummelancholy thistleleaf larva mines leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is spotted by amphigenous colony of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph Foreign Ramularia cynarae emend U. Braun an anamorphic fungus Capnodiales: Mycosphaerellaceae Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol II, Braun, U., 1998
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Capnodiales/Mycosphaerellaceae/Ramularia cynarae emend U. Braun/Ramularia cynarae emend U. Braunan anamorphic fungusamphigenouscolonyRamularia hyphomycetous anamorph Foodplant / spot causerForeign /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium heterophyllum/Cirsium heterophyllummelancholy thistleliveleaf amphigenous colony of Ramularia hyphomycetous anamorph causes spots on live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by uredinoid, mostly epiphyllous aecium Minor Puccinia calcitrapae a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia calcitrapae/Puccinia calcitrapaea rust fungusuredinoid, mostly epiphyllousaecium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium heterophyllum/Cirsium heterophyllummelancholy thistleliveleafMinor uredinoid, mostly epiphyllous aecium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by mostly hypophyllous uredium Minor Puccinia calcitrapae a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia calcitrapae/Puccinia calcitrapaea rust fungusmostly hypophyllousuredium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium heterophyllum/Cirsium heterophyllummelancholy thistleliveleafMinor mostly hypophyllous uredium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by mostly hypophyllous telium Minor Puccinia calcitrapae a rust fungus Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia calcitrapae/Puccinia calcitrapaea rust fungusmostly hypophylloustelium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium heterophyllum/Cirsium heterophyllummelancholy thistleliveleafMinor mostly hypophyllous telium parasitises live leaf
leaf (live) live leaf is parasitised by amphigenous telium Minor Puccinia cnici-oleracei Yarrow Rust Pucciniales: Pucciniaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota, Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005
 /Fungi/Basidiomycota/Pucciniomycetes/Pucciniales/Pucciniaceae/Puccinia cnici-oleracei/Puccinia cnici-oleraceiyarrow rustamphigenoustelium Foodplant / parasite /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium heterophyllum/Cirsium heterophyllummelancholy thistleliveleafMinor (7-11)amphigenous telium parasitises live leaf
stem (dead) dead stem is decayed by scattered, immersed, neck erumpent pseudothecium Nodulosphaeria cirsii an ascomycete Pleosporales: Phaeosphaeriaceae Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook, Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997
 /Fungi/Ascomycota/Dothideomycetes/Pleosporales/Phaeosphaeriaceae/Nodulosphaeria cirsii/Nodulosphaeria cirsiian ascomycetescattered, immersed, neck erumpentpseudothecium Foodplant / saprobe /Plantae/Tracheophyta/Magnoliopsida/Asterales/Asteraceae/Cirsium heterophyllum/Cirsium heterophyllummelancholy thistledeadstem scattered, immersed, neck erumpent pseudothecium is saprobic on dead stem

Author & YearTitleSource
Braun, U., 1998Monograph of Cercosporella, Ramularia and Allied Genera - Vol IIPhytopathogenic Hyphomycetes, 2, 493pp, IHW-Verlag
Ellis, M.B. & J.P., 1997Microfungi on Land Plants: An Identification Handbook2nd (New Enlarged) edition, 868pp, The Richmond Publishing Co. Ltd
Ing, B., 1990An Introduction to British Powdery MildewsMycologist Vol 4 (1) et seq.
Legon, N.W. & Henrici, A. with Roberts, P.J., Spooner, B.M. & Watling, R., 2005Checklist of the British and Irish Basidiomycota517pp, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
Mordue, J.E.M. & Ainsworth G.C., 1984Ustilaginales of the British IslesMycological Papers, No 154, 96pp, Commonwealth Mycological Institute
Spencer, K.A., 1972Diptera: AgromyzidaeHandbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol X. Part 5(g), 136pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London
White, I.M., 1988Tephritid Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae)Handbooks for the Identification of British Insects , Vol 10. Part 5a, 134pp, The Royal Entomological Society of London

Cirsium heterophyllum (Melancholy Thistle) may also be included in 'fed on by' relations listed under the following higher taxa:

Taxonomic hierarchy:
SpeciesCirsium heterophyllum (Melancholy Thistle)
GenusCirsium (thistle)
TribeCardueae (“thistles”)
SubfamilyLACTUCOIDEAE (“dandelions”)
FamilyASTERACEAE (daisies, dandelions and thistles, composite)
OrderASTERALES (daisies, dandelions, thistles and bell flowers)
SubclassEU-DICOTS (dicotyledonous flowering plants)
ClassMAGNOLIOPSIDA (flowering plants)
PhylumTRACHEOPHYTA (vascular plants)
KingdomPLANTAE (plants)
DomainEukaryota (eukaryotes)
LifeBIOTA (living things)
NBNNBN (data.nbn.org.uk) has a distribution map for Cirsium heterophyllum (Melancholy Thistle)

Cirsium heterophyllum (Melancholy Thistle) may be included in identification literature listed under the following higher taxa:

Literature listed under the following higher taxa may be relevant to Cirsium heterophyllum (Melancholy Thistle):

BioImagesBioImages (www.bioimages.org.uk) has 25 images of Cirsium heterophyllum (Melancholy Thistle)
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